tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-59196742917167783972024-02-19T23:55:56.087-08:00Pay someone to write my paperShttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.comBlogger192125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-535220163237949902020-08-25T20:48:00.001-07:002020-08-25T20:48:06.735-07:00The Function of TheThe Function of The The Function of ââ¬Å"Theâ⬠The Function of ââ¬Å"Theâ⬠By Mark Nichol I thought that it was intriguing, while investigating this point, the definition for the in Merriam-Websterââ¬â¢s online word reference is close to as long as this post and thatââ¬â¢s for only one lot of capacities for the word, as an unmistakable article. The additionally capacities, less regularly, as a verb modifier (ââ¬Å"I like that one the bestâ⬠) and, seldom, a relational word utilized instead of per (ââ¬Å"Those cost ten dollars the dozenâ⬠). Also, for what reason would it be a good idea for anyone to want to gaze the upward in the word reference? Isnââ¬â¢t it self-evident? With regards to significance, indeed, the job of the in a sentence is clear. In any case, itââ¬â¢s not in every case clear whether the cast of characters in the sentence must incorporate that job. Consider the sentence ââ¬Å"I watched out over the land.â⬠The essayist depicts studying a specific plot of land. Be that as it may, ââ¬Å"The cost of land has gone down latelyâ⬠excludes the in light of the fact that no particular plot of land is being examined; the subject is the idea of land all in all. In any case, notice that in these about indistinguishable sentences, the distinction in importance is by all accounts the converse of the distinction in the past section: ââ¬Å"I spilled water out of the pitcherâ⬠clarifies what was poured, while ââ¬Å"I spilled the water out of the pitcherâ⬠underlines where the water originated from. Notice, in any case, that in those models and the pair that follow, the is a marker for a subsequent reference: ââ¬Å"I put the shoes on and strolled outsideâ⬠stresses the specific pair of shoes, which probably have just been alluded to. ââ¬Å"I put shoes on and strolled outsideâ⬠points out no uncommon the shoes; the sentence just portrays the writerââ¬â¢s routine primer to leaving the premises. Some of the time the nearness or nonattendance or the in a sentence is unessential; the individual cited could have utilized either use: ââ¬Å"Sheââ¬â¢ll have the strawberry cheesecakeâ⬠recognizes the specific treat a burger joint wishes to be served, one either noticeable to the speaker or recorded on a menu an exacting or inferred second reference. ââ¬Å"Sheââ¬â¢ll have strawberry cheesecakeâ⬠implies something very similar with the unobtrusive contrast that the speaker isn't straightforwardly insinuating the sweet determination obvious as a cut or a reference in text. Nonetheless, on account of the pair of sentences about the shoes, the past reference might be significant; these are enchantment shoes weââ¬â¢re finding out about, for instance. ââ¬Å"I put shoes on and strolled outsideâ⬠probably deserts the bizarre footwear; ââ¬Å"I put the shoes on and strolled outsideâ⬠moves the plot along. The is purposely excluded in numerous sorts of use. For example, most references to nations (ââ¬Å"Afghanistan,â⬠ââ¬Å"Zimbabweâ⬠) need no distinct article, nor do references to their residents (ââ¬Å"Afghanis,â⬠Zimbabweansâ⬠), except if, once more, a specific subgroup is being referred to (ââ¬Å"The Afghanis in the visit bunch kept to themselvesâ⬠). Exemptions incorporate utilization of ââ¬Å"the Netherlandsâ⬠and comparative topographically affected names. A similar principle applies to names of other topographical or geopolitical highlights (ââ¬Å"Mount Everest,â⬠however ââ¬Å"the Himalayasâ⬠; ââ¬Å"Hawaii,â⬠yet ââ¬Å"the Hawaiian Islandsâ⬠; ââ¬Å"Lake Tahoeâ⬠, yet ââ¬Å"the Great Salt Lakeâ⬠). Strangely, scholars who might never tragically omit the before ââ¬Å"Netherlandsâ⬠or ââ¬Å"Hawaiian Islandsâ⬠oftentimes forgo going before names of associations: ââ¬Å"March of Dimes Foundation was established in 1938.â⬠Admittedly, a few names don't justify the unmistakable article, however they are normally self-evident (ââ¬Å"Project Reason,â⬠ââ¬Å"People for the American Wayâ⬠). Nonetheless, rationale should abrogate poor use. The People for the American Way Foundation, related with the association named in the last model, inaccurately self-distinguishes as ââ¬Å"People for the American Way Foundation.â⬠The dependable guideline is that any authoritative name finishing in a word alluding to the element (establishment, association, venture, and so forth.) requires the clear article, similarly as a nonexclusive reference, for example, ââ¬Å"the foundationâ⬠merits it. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities every day! Continue learning! Peruse the Grammar class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Arrive To versus Show up At50 Latin Phrases You Should KnowForming the Comparative of One-syllable Adjectives Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-72821560358465278052020-08-22T05:46:00.001-07:002020-08-22T05:46:29.876-07:00Literacy Linguistic UsageProficiency Linguistic Usage The idea of language is an intricate one; it has been some time in the past found to be not separated from the informative circumstances and individual contrasts of speakers. The etymological talk has consequently gotten a subject of examination, and the socio-social, individual, institutional and different ramifications of language use have gone to the cutting edge of logical attention.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Literacy Linguistic Usage explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The association of language, personality, and social acts of people must be concentrated in the entire complicity of their disclosures in the general digressive embodiment. There is a lot of observational proof these days on how personality is reflected through language, and on the manners in which language becomes and irreplaceable piece of the human social practices and encounters. There are likewise discoveries on how the association among language and character can be utilized to improve language learning and getting phonetic capability. The article of Joseph (2006) sums up the primary thoughts of how language has become a helpful apparatus in both communicating oneââ¬â¢s personality and assessing the characters of others based on their language utilization idiosyncrasies. Joseph (2006) underscores the way that language is presently utilized more in the capacity of portrayal than correspondence, and that the change gets from the social and individual assorted variety of speakers apparent these days. One increasingly valuable finding of Joseph (2006) is that the regular vision of acknowledgment of just national character in language is currently effectively discussed in light of the need to think about the individual commitment each individual makes into the phonetic use and personality development just as acknowledgment through etymological methods. The assessment about language speaking to personality in real life is shared by Lane (2009); the specialist has made this end dependent on the aftereffects of the study led with two foreigner Finnish gatherings dwelling on the region of Canada.Advertising Looking for exposition on semantics? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Their national personalities reflected through language turned out indistinguishable, yet the social practices they inferred by language use varied considerably, in this manner making them unmistakable. Hence, singular character turns into a huge part of etymological utilization designs and is reflected however emblematic traits in phonetic practices around the world. Language is additionally founded on character acknowledgment through the individual practices and encounters, both inside the language learning and utilization structure and past it. This point can be very much outlined by crafted by Darville (2009) demonstrating that genuine proficiency in language learning can be gained possibly on the off chance that when learned things can be attached to the learnersââ¬â¢ genuine experience. It implies that education ought to be seen as training, with the language speaking to a social build that is practiced with regards to learnersââ¬â¢ lives, recognitions, sentiments and emotions (Darville, 2009). Another finding in the field of binds the learning procedure to the studentsââ¬â¢ personality is given by Hamilton (2009) â⬠the creator researches the job of individual instructive plans, and the job of educator as a middle person detailing the arrangement as indicated by the studentsââ¬â¢ instructive needs, aspirations, and state prerequisites. Another ground-breaking chip away at the importance of personality contemplations in language examines has been given by Atwood (2007) â⬠it is a record of the Nunavit preparing camp in which Indigenous ladies were shown their ethnicity, conventions, customs and artworks. Simultaneously, they were shown education, wh ich was hard for educators in light of absence of confidence and comprehension of the literacyââ¬â¢s significance for Nunavit ladies. It got conceivable to connect with the camp members in figuring out how to compose and peruse just when the equal between their traditions and education was drawn, causing them to understand the force information could give them (Atwood, 2007). The writer at long last makes a determination that personality is a piece of individuals that characterizes their ways, and the Nunavit authentic setting of abuse and awful instructive encounters are additionally boundaries in learning hard to defeat inside knowing the historical backdrop of every specific group.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Literacy Linguistic Usage explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Finally, it is fundamental to apply the discoveries on the connections among language and personality in the functional circle of learning and educating dialects. The genuine advance forward was made by Fairbairn and Fox (2009) who laid out the significant boundaries in reading English for workers and non-residents in Canada and the USA, and denoted the backward demeanor towards their social, social and individual character taken by the North American governments. Their record shows how genuinely the qualification in comprehension and learning English is uncovered by migrants turning out to be survivors of normalized and bound together standards of learning and appraisal. The arrangement of key changes expected to reestablish the satisfactory access to English learning for non-English speakers is given based on character, social foundation, and individual peculiaritiesââ¬â¢ contemplations. This record demonstrates that character uncovers itself in communicating in oneââ¬â¢s local language, and simultaneously in learning an unknown dialect also. The subject of learning a language being undeniably associated with social practices is sought af ter by Alderson (2006) in his review of the analytic testing type and its job in the satisfactory language testing. The creator makes the particular accentuation on the fields of information tried by indicative and different tests, making an end that the analytic test is of specific significance in language testing, giving the structure to evaluation of the manner in which understudies may apply their language information, their impression of information acquired and so forth. In view of the long time it takes to step through the examination, and absence of offices for testing at instructive foundations, the indicative test isn't well known with instructors; nonetheless, it has the most noteworthy potential in multi-faceted testing and satisfactory evaluation of information more distant from the formalistic, bound together testing types that don't uncover the genuine information on students.Advertising Searching for exposition on semantics? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Reaching an inference from the current arrangement of articles, one needs to take note of the nearby, natural relationship existing between human personality, experience and language (frequently acknowledged through human education). On discovering that relationship, scientists and professionals in the field of semantics have acquired a lot of apparatuses to survey the effect of character on language utilization, to recognize the most useful experience-based techniques for learning and appraisal. Likewise, these days education etymological use are getting social centrality, so the use of different open methods just as their decision by speakers may include a lot of helpful information for the applied phonetic research, and enhance the cutting edge vision about the examined relationship and its causes. References Alderson, J.C. (2006). Diagnosing Foreign Language Proficiency: the Interface among Assessment and Learning. London (UK): Continuum. Atwood, M. (2007). The Alphabet of Hope. Essayists for Literacy. Joined Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Darville, R. (2009). Education as works on, instructing as arrangement: A message in a jug. Proficiencies, No. 10, pp. 14-18. Fairbairn, S.B., Fox, J. (2009).Inclusive Achievement Testing for Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Test Takers: Essential Considerations for Test Developers and Decision Makers. Instructive Measurement: Issues and Practice, Spring 2009, pp. 10-24. Hamilton, M. (2009). Speaking for them: the arrangement of characters with framework objectives using Individual Learning Plans. English Educational Research Journal, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 221ââ¬242. Joseph, J.E. (2006). Personality and Language. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 486-492. Path, P. (2009). Characters in real life: a nexus examination of personality development and language move. Visual Communication 8(4), pp. 449-468. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-23635016344496896762020-08-09T05:48:00.001-07:002020-08-09T05:48:03.037-07:00What Serotonin Is and How It Regulates Body FunctionsWhat Serotonin Is and How It Regulates Body Functions Theories Biological Psychology Print How Serotonin Regulates Body Functions By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on January 27, 2020 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on February 10, 2020 Jamie Garbutt / Getty Images More in Theories Biological Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Serotonin (sometimes called 5-HT because of its chemical name, 5-hydroxytryptamine) is a substance that occurs naturally in your body. As a neurotransmitter, serotonin carries signals along and between nerve cells (called neurons). Itâs found mainly in your intestines but also in your central nervous system (CNS), which includes your brain and your blood platelets. What Serotonin Does in Your Body Serotonin appears to affect and/or regulate a number of body functions, including the following. Mood You could think of serotonins effects in your brain as its âstarring roleâ in your body. Widely known for playing a major part in regulating moods, serotonin has been called the bodys natural feel-good chemical, because its involved in your sense of well-being. Digestion Serotonin plays a role in your bowel function as well as in reducing your appetite as you eat. In addition, your intestines produce more serotonin if you eat something thatâs irritating or toxic to your digestive system. The extra serotonin helps move the affected food along so itâs expelled from your body more quickly. Blood Clotting The platelet cells in your blood release serotonin when you have any kind of tissue damage, such as a cut. This results in vasoconstrictionâ"a narrowing of the tiny arteries, or arterioles, in your circulatory systemâ"which slows your blood flow as part of the blood-clotting process. Bone Density Studies have shown that bone density and serotonin are linkedâ"specifically, high circulating levels of serotonin in the gut may be associated with osteoporosis. In fact, research suggests that antidepressants, specifically selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are associated with decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. This isnt a reason to stop taking your SSRI, but rather, to have a conversation with your physician, especially if you have other risk factors, such as existing osteoporosis, a family history, or you smoke. Sexual Function The increase in sexual desire that can accompany alcohol intoxication is believed to be due to low serotonin levels. On the other hand, decreased sexual desire can occur in people taking medications that produce higher-than-normal serotonin levels. However, thatâs only true when your serotonin level is within the normal range. What happens when itâs low? Perhaps the best-known condition believed to be associated with low serotonin levels is depression. Not surprisingly, increasing serotonin levels with medication has become a major part of depression treatment. What Causes Low Serotonin While thereâs no one cause of low serotonin levels, itâs typically one of two reasons: your body doesnât produce enough, or your body isnt using it efficiently, which can be due to having fewer or faulty serotonin receptors or breaking down and absorbing serotonin too quickly. Nutritional and vitamin deficiencies may also play a part. Low levels of vitamin B6 and vitamin D have also been linked to low levels of serotonin. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that must be obtained through the diet in order to produce serotonin. What Does Low Serotonin Feel Like? Medications for Depression That Affect Serotonin Depression is associated with chemical imbalances in the brain, including low levels of serotonin (among others). Increasing the amount of serotonin in the brain appears to help brain cells communicate, which has the effect of reducing depression symptoms and improving mood. This finding is the basis for many drugs used in the treatment of clinical depression and other mood disorders. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) One group of serotonin-based medications called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is used to reduce the symptoms of moderate to severe depression by increasing the level of serotonin in the brain. SSRIs are the most commonly prescribed antidepressants worldwide. When your brain cells send signals, they release neurotransmitters like serotonin. To send the next signal, your cells must reabsorb and recycle the neurotransmitter they released in a process called reuptake. SSRIs help make more serotonin available in the brain by blocking that reuptake process. Examples of SSRIs include: Prozac (fluoxetine)Paxil (paroxetine)Zoloft (sertraline)Celexa (citalopram)Luvox (fluvoxamine)Lexapro (escitalopram)Viibryd (vilazodone) Viibryd is NOT just an SSRI, but also a 5HT-1a partial agonist so it is not classified as purely an SSRI Trintellix is a similar drug. Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) Another group of serotonin-based medications for treating depression are known as serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). They work similarly to SSRIs in that they block the reuptake of serotonin, but they also work on norepinephrine, another neurotransmitter implicated in mood. As such, they are sometimes referred to as âdual-acting antidepressants.â Examples of SNRIs include: Effexor (venlafaxine)Cymbalta (duloxetine)Pristiq (desvenlafaxine)Fetzima (levomilnacipran) Tricyclics (TCAs) and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Two older types of antidepressants, tricyclics (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), also affect serotonin levels. However, they are prescribed less often today because their side effects are more problematic than those of SSRIs and SNRIs. TCAs appear to block the reabsorption of serotonin and epinephrine which effectively increases the amounts available in the brain. Examples of TCAs include: Elavil (amitriptyline)Norpramin (desipramine)Asendin (amoxapine)Anafranil (clomipramine)Pamelor (nortriptyline)Tofranil (imipramine)Vivactil (protriptyline)Surmontil (trimipramine)Sinequan (doxepin) MAOIs, on the other hand, block the effects of the monoamine oxidase enzyme which breaks down serotonin, epinephrine, and dopamine. By stopping the enzyme from breaking these neurotransmitters down, it effectively increases the amount available in the brain. Examples of MAOIs include: Marplan (isocarboxazid)Parnate (tranylcypromine)Nardil (phenelzine)Azilect (rasagiline)Emsam (selegiline) How to Increase Serotonin Naturally These medications arenât the only way to increase available serotonin. In fact, there are many ways to boost your levels naturally. Your Diet Many of the foods we eat naturally contain serotonin or other key nutrients, including tryptophan, vitamin B6, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids, which the body needs to produce the neurotransmitter. A few good sources include: BananasTurkeyEggsOily, fatty, fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel) Nuts and seeds (walnuts and flaxseed)Beans (chickpeas, kidney, pinto, black beans)Leafy greens (spinach or kale)Probiotic/fermented foods (kefir, yogurt, tofu) Eating a high fiber diet rich in vegetables and fruit can also help. These foods will help keep your friendly gut bacteria healthy, which in turn, can help boost serotonin levels in the body. 7 Foods That Improve Mood and Fight Depression Light Exposure Insufficient exposure to sunlight has also been associated with low levels of serotonin, which is why some people experience seasonal affective disorder (SAD) during the shorter, darker days of fall and winter. While light therapy is an option (particularly in areas with little to no sunlight), you can also spend 10 to 15 minutes outside in the sunlight each day. Doing so will work double-duty: Youll also get a boost of vitamin D, which plays a key role in serotonin production. Exercise Regular exercise has been proven to boost serotonin in your brain, and some say it works just as well as serotonin-based medications. How much and which type works best? The Department of Health and Human Services recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity cardio exercise each week plus two days of strength training exercises for all adults. Its most important that you pick something you enjoy, so youre more apt to stick with it. Best Forms of Exercise to Improve Mood Massage Massage therapy has increasingly been used in the treatment of depression. This is because massage has been found to promote the release of serotonin and decrease the stress hormone cortisol. And you might not need a professional massage to reap the benefits. In a commonly cited study of pregnant women with depression published in the International Journal of Neuroscience, two 20-minute massage sessions given by their partners increased serotonin by 28% and dopamine by 31%. Supplements Research has found that people with low serotonin also have deficiencies in some nutrients, so you might consider supplementation: Pure tryptophanSAMe (S-adenosyl-L-methionine)5-HTPSt. Johns wortProbiotics Always talk to your doctor before taking any medication, supplement, or herbal remedy to treat low serotonin. Some medications and supplements can cause your serotonin levels to get too high, which can result in serotonin syndrome, also known as serotonin toxicity. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome can range from unpleasant to life-threating. If you or a loved one experiences severe symptoms of serotonin syndrome, including sudden swings in blood pressure, seizures, or losing consciousness, call 911 or head to the emergency room. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-78371631800981111302020-05-23T14:23:00.001-07:002020-05-23T14:23:04.262-07:00The Security Of The Internet Of Things - 1785 Words Introduction The topic we chose to analyze in this research paper is information systems security. More specifically, we examined the security of the Internet of Things. The Internet of Things is an ever-growing avenue of technology that is constantly improving in connectivity and user-friendly interactions. IoT is defined by Forbes writer Jacob Morgan (2014) as ââ¬Å"the concept of basically connecting any device with an on and off switch to the Internet (and/or to each other). This [including] â⬠¦ cell phones, coffee makers, washing machines, headphones, lamps, â⬠¦ and almost anything else you can think ofâ⬠. In other words, IoT is the glue that holds the world of technology together. Within this field we have developed a compelling thesis question. Its answer could help propel this market into the future: What can be done to improve the security of the Internet of Things in the home? This question is pivotal as the home is one of the most cherished yet vulnerable possessions a pe rson has. The IoT of any given home may contain harmless things, such as grocery lists, family photos, or calendar events, but it can also contain sensitive data that, if stolen by a hacker, could tear a household apart. This includes social security numbers, credit card numbers, and bank account information. Because this information is so important and in need of protection, the greatest possible effort must be put forward to protect it. It is virtually impossible to completely prevent hacking in allShow MoreRelatedSecurity Of The Internet Of Things1664 Words à |à 7 PagesSecurity of the Internet of Things Natxo Vijande Jim Bown School of Science, Engineering and Technology Abertay University DUNDEE, DD1 1HG, UK ABSTRACT Context The forecasts point that then number of Internet of Things devices by 2020 will be around 25 billion, which is an exponential growth compared to 5 billion devices connected at this moment, while these systems are still considered weak on security measures. The reasons why security is not strong enough rely on their poor managementRead MoreInternet Of Things And The Security Cameras1459 Words à |à 6 PagesInternet of Things Sajni Sapre, Sonalika Parida, Anisha Gogia Informatics USC, Los Angeles sajnisap@usc.edu, parida@usc.edu, agogia@usc.edu Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) includes objects which communicate across a variety of networks. Things in terms of Internet of Things (IoT) encompass all those devices which have the ability to sense and/or control and transfer data between other devices using existing network technologies. Some of the examples are routers, switches, security cameras, controlRead MoreInternet Of Things And The Cyber Security6553 Words à |à 27 PagesABSTRACT Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology where absolutely ââ¬Å"everythingâ⬠(devices), are being connected to the internet in order for them to be able to communicate with each other. The internet may be the World Wide Web or any other form of connectivity used to interconnect two or more devices remotely. This is all for the benefit of mankind. Man is creating this technology and advancing it so as to benefit from it in all possible means by reducing work and taskforce and increasingRead MoreInternet Of Things : Challenges And Security2508 Words à |à 11 PagesInternet of Things: Challenges and Security Srikant Reddy Duvvuru Department of Computer Engineering San Jose State University San Jose, CA-95112 Abstract -- Internet of Things is rapidly gaining popularity in the recent days. The availability of different variety of sensors and wireless technologies is responsible for the existence of the Internet of Things. The Internet of things finds a large number of applications in numerous fields such as Energy sector, Healthcare, Transportation, BusinessRead MoreThe Security Concerns That The Internet Of Things2515 Words à |à 11 Pageslooks at the security concerns that the Internet of Things, or IOT carries along with it. The Internet of Things is defined as ââ¬Å"a proposed development of the Internet in which everyday objects have network connectivity, allowing them to send and receive dataâ⬠This increasing level of connectivity and interconnectivity certainly makes everyday tasks easier for the average person, but at the same time, it makes finding holes in security measures easier as well. The Internet of Things is said to haveRead MoreSecurity Aspects Of The Internet Of Things2120 Words à |à 9 Pageswhat it is -- T -arch Security aspects in general for IoT -- T Privacy issues Specific cases for privacy - RFID - WSN - Cloud Based Possible sol for privacy -Homomorphic -- T -In developments sols References Introduction and Background We through this literature survey intend to explore the existing and possible vulnerabilities in the Internet of Things(IoT) systems ââ¬â primarily focusing on the ââ¬Å"privacy concernsâ⬠for the Internet of Things. Problem statement OurRead MoreSurvey Of Security On Internet Of Things ( Iot ) Essay1742 Words à |à 7 Pages Survey of Security in Internet Of Things(IoT) Jacquelyn Rapose School of Computing Clemson University Clemson, USA jrapose@g.clemson.edu Abstractââ¬â The Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology that has transformed our daily lives because of its distributed and ubiquitous nature. Security and privacy issues exist with the use of the IoT and must be addressed. In this paper, I discuss some of the security challenges that the IoT architecture has to address. I also compare the challenges that wereRead MoreLiterature Review On Security Of Internet Of Things1519 Words à |à 7 PagesLiterature Review on security of Internet of Things Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, College of Engineering, Pune, India Abstract The concept of the internet of things is that every physical of object in the real world has a virtual component on the internet that can produce and consume services .Such super connected objects would be of great convivences but they would require novel approaches to ensure security and ethical uses. While internet of things is more than conceptRead MoreSecurity : Smart Homes Using Internet Of Things2253 Words à |à 10 Pages SECURITY: SMART HOMES USING INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) Rugved Amrutkar 8th Semester students, Dept. of Computer Engineering Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering, Pune-41, India 1rugved.a6195@gmail.com Sanket Vikharankar 8th Semester students, Dept. of Computer Engineering Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering, Pune-41, India 2vikharankar.sanket@gmail.com Lochan Ahire 8th Semester students, Dept. of Computer Engineering Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Engineering, Pune-41, India 3lochanahire@gmailRead MoreThe New Concept Of The Internet Of Things ( Iot ) And Iot Security1488 Words à |à 6 Pagesviruses and other malicious software have caused major issues for individuals and organizations. Computer hackers have become so ingenious at spreading viruses and destructive malware that they can track almost all activity the computer via the internet. Therefore, computer or intrusion detection software and tools are required to prevent computer criminals from spreading viruses that intrude and wreak havoc on our personal computers and our professional industries and organizations. This paper Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-10613000676992659382020-05-12T10:31:00.001-07:002020-05-12T10:31:03.756-07:00Personal Statement For Drive Wild - 939 Words Author Statement for Drive Wild I created ââ¬Å"Drive Wildâ⬠to advertise the 2016 Ford Focus Electric. I took into consideration lighting, media type, audience, color, imagery, composition, and text in an attempt to promote potential consumers to buy the vehicle. I also kept in mind the common theme of the environment that most electric vehicle advertisements use to persuade the consumers while creating my advertisement. I created ââ¬Å"Drive Wildâ⬠with the use of Photoshop. I knew the program would help me achieve my desired look because of the variety of functions it offers over Microsoft Word. I used Photoshopââ¬â¢s capabilities of photo manipulation to integrate multiple images to create my own single image in an attempt to persuade viewers to invest in a Ford Focus Electric. Making the single images seem like they belonged together within the composition proved to be challenging. However, it was necessary in order to get the look I desired. One of the toughest part about getting the look I desired, besides making it look like one image, was the lighting. I knew without proper lighting to integrate the single images into a unified whole the advertisement would look fake and cheap. I wanted to avoid the advertisement looking like this because of the low quality advertisements suggest a low quality product. Cheap looking advertisements reduce the Ethos, which I wanted to avoid. Advertisements are based on the visual aspects and without visual interest the ad is less persuasive to theShow MoreRelatedEssay On The Journey To The Brothers Sara Tolsgaard904 Words à |à 4 Pagesï » ¿ Essay on The Journey to the Brothersââ¬â¢ Farm A short story written by Pippa Gough To find your personal fortune and real values in life you have to search. Many people have an idea that the outer values is the right and perfect values to all people. Instead of keep, searching for their personal fortune and destiny in life they just keep searching for the destiny they for the first instinct think is their destiny. In the short story The Journey to the Brothersââ¬â¢ Farm written by the British authorRead MoreChris McCandlessââ¬â¢ Similarities to Ralph Waldo Emerson751 Words à |à 3 Pagesstudying philosophy, religion and literature. In Emersonââ¬â¢s collection of essays, Nature, he stresses the concept of finding oneââ¬â¢s own personal understanding of the universe. 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Macon Dead Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-15040409490232924102020-05-06T12:15:00.001-07:002020-05-06T12:15:14.661-07:00Toefl Free Essays string(38) " OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE\." 400 Must-Have Words for the TOEFLà ® will help you improve your score on the TOEFL test. In particular, this book will build your TOEFL vocabulary for the new Internet-based TOEFL of 2005. This book is designed for ease of use as a self-study guide. We will write a custom essay sample on Toefl or any similar topic only for you Order Now Its chapters were written for easy completion in one sittingââ¬âabout 25 minutes. 400 Must-Have Words is also highly effective in the TOEFL-prep classroom. Each chapter begins with a list of 10 target words. These words are defined and used in sample sentences.Usage tips are given for many words, as are any commonly used parts of speech related to the target word. Following these definitions, the words are practiced in three exercises. TOEFL Prep I and TOEFL Prep II give straightforward practice in a variety of easy exercise styles. The last exercise,TOEFL Success, includes a TOEFLstyle reading followed by one or two authentic TOEFL-style questions. Most TOEFL Success readings incorporate all 10 target words, and most also include an additional bonus structure. Each chapter ends with an answer key so you can check your work.As an extra feature, this book includes a special front section called ââ¬Å"Six Quick Hints for Success on the TOEFLà ®. â⬠These hints give general test-taking advice for TOEFL success. This book was written by ELT professionals who help prepare students for the TOEFL test. Their selection of words for this book was based on extensive experience with the TOEFL test, information about the corpus (body of words) that is used in creating the actual TOEFL test, and TOEFL materials published by ETS, the creators of the TOEFL test. 400 Must-Have Words for the TOEFLà ® is the best book on the market to improve your vocabulary for the TOEFL test.Copyright à © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. This page intentionally left blank. Six Quick Hints for Success on the TOEFLà ® 1. Try to understand a reading or lecture as a whole. Unlike earlier versions of the TOEFL, the new version tests whether you can see how ideas interact in a longer reading. 2. Take notes. Especially in the listening section, you will need notes to remember what you have heard. Note-taking will also help you concentrate. You can practice by taking notes of news stories, documentaries, or lectures. 3.Study grammar in context, not by itself. Unlike earlier versions of the TOEFL, the new version has no grammar section. Your knowledge of grammar is useful in helping you understand the readings and lectures, not in answering grammar-specific questions. 4. Practice writing essays that express your opinion on a topic. The writing section of the 2005 TOEFL includes questions asking for your opinion on various daily topics. These are timed. Practice writing under a time limit, shaping your thoughts into a well-rounded essay. 5. Build up your academic vocabulary.Your ability to comprehend reading passages rests largely on your academic vocabulary. Build your vocabulary by reading, making flash cards, and writing sentences using new words in context. A strong vocabulary will help you not only in your reading comprehension, but also in listening, writing, and speaking. 6. Commit your attention to the test. Some of the topics covered in the test may not actually interest you. Still, your focused energy will improve your test score. Agree with yourself not to think about other topics during the test. Force yourself to keep your attention on the tested material.Copyright à © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. This page intentionally left blank. 400 Must-Have Words for the TOEFLà ® This page intentionally left blank. This page intentionally left blank. 400 Must-Have Words for the TOEFLà ® LYNN STAFFORD-YILMAZ LAWRENCE J. ZWIER MCGRAW-HILL New York Chicago San Francisco â⬠¢ Lisbon London â⬠¢ Madrid â⬠¢ Mexico City â⬠¢ Milan â⬠¢ New Delhi San Juan â⬠¢ Seoul â⬠¢ Singapore â⬠¢ Sydney â⬠¢ Toronto â⬠¢ â⬠¢ Copyright à © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 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For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george_hoare@mcgraw-hill. com or (212) 904-4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (ââ¬Å"McGraw-Hillâ⬠) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms.Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hillââ¬â¢s prior consent. You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms. THE WORK IS PROVIDED ââ¬Å"AS IS. 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Parts of speech aggregate v, aggregate n Copyright à © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. 4 Nature 4. cultivation n. Preparing the land to grow crops; improvement for agricultural purposes With the development of land cultivation, hunters and gatherers were able to settle in one place. Parts of speech cultivate v 5. fertilize v. To supply with nourishment for plants by adding helpful substances to the soil This farm fertilizes tomatoes more than any other crop. Parts of speech fertilizer n, fertilization n 6. ntensify v. To increase in power; to act with increased strength Jacobââ¬â¢s long absence intensified his certainty that he should marry Rose. Parts of speech intensification n, intense adj 7. irrigation n. The supplying of water to dry land In dry areas of the country, you can see ditches all over the farmland for irrigation. Parts of speech irrigate v 8. obtain v. To gain possession of; to get After a series of difficult interviews, he finally was able to obtain the job. 9. photosynthesis n. The process by which green plants make their own food by combining water, salts, and carbon dioxide in the presence of light. Oxygen is a by-product of the process of photosynthesis. Parts of speech photosynthesize v 10. precipitation n. Water that falls to the Earthââ¬â¢s surface In the Pacific Northwest, the high level of precipitation ensures rich, green plant life. Food Crops 5 TOEFL Prep I Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with the best word from the list. Change the form of the word if necessary. Use each word only once. abandoned precipitation cultivation fertilize photosynthesis 1. Through __________, green plants create organic materials with the help of chlorophyll. 2.The coastal city gets half of its __________ during the months of January, February, and March. 3. Farmers use various methods of land __________. 4. When they heard the hull crack, all but two of the sailors __________ ship. 5. Inexperienced gardeners may not realize how important it is that they __________ their plants. TOEFL Prep II Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the opposite of each word in the left-hand column. Write the letter in the blank. 1. obtain 2. intensify 3. irrigation 4. aggregate 5. adversely (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) weaken separate lose drainage positivelyTOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow. In countries like Niger and Mauritania, the cultivation of land has changed little in the past several centuries. Additionally, these countriesââ¬â¢ mono-modal rainfall pattern brings precipitation for only three months during the year. As a result, food production doesnââ¬â¢t nearly meet demand. Bonus Structureââ¬â As a result means ââ¬Å"therefore,â⬠ââ¬Å"for this reason. â⬠6 Nature Several agencies and organizations have intensified their efforts to increase the productivity of land in these countries.They have introduced new strains of seed, improved irrigation techniques, and introduced new methods of fertilization and soil management. With ample sunlight for photosynthesis and modern irrigation techniques, sustainable farming techniques should allow farmers to boost aggregate production in order to meet demand. Still, crop revitalization faces an unexpected adversary: institutional incompetence. Where crop specialists have convinced individual farmers to abandon old farming techniques in place of new, they canââ¬â¢t readily obtain the governmental cooperation they need. The biggest hurdles are political corruption, incompetence, and the absence of a marketing infrastructure. 1. In this passage, the word adversary is closest in meaning to a. b. c. d. friend helper enemy leader 2. In the last paragraph, the word they refers to a. b. c. d. crop specialists farmers farming techniques adversaries Lesson 1 Food Crops TOEFL Prep I 1. photosynthesis 2. precipitation 3. cultivation 4. abandoned 5. fertilize TOEFL Prep II 1. c 2. a 3. d 4. b 5. e TOEFL Success 1. c 2. a LESSON 2 Disaster Target Words 1. anticipate 2. catastrophic 3. collide 4. ruption 5. famine 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. flood impact persevere plunge unleash Definitions and Samples 1. anticipate v. To expect; to sense something before it happens By placing sensors in earthquake-prone areas, scientists can anticipate some tremors in time to warn the public. Parts of speech anticipation n, anticipatory adj 2. catastrophic adj. Extremely harmful; causing financial or physical ruin The architect died in a catastrophic elevator accident. Parts of speech catastrophe n, catastrophically adv 3. collide v. To come together with great or violent forceAs usual, their holiday was ruined when their in-lawsââ¬â¢ views on politics collided with their own. Parts of speech collision n Copyright à © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. 8 Nature 4. eruption n. A sudden, often violent, outburst The eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 caused 57 deaths and immeasurable change to the face of the mountain. Usage tips Eruption is often followed by an of phrase. Parts of speech erupt v 5. famine n. Severe hunger; a drastic food shortage The potato famine in Ireland in the mid-nineteenth century caused large numbers of Irish people to emigrate to America. . flood n. An overflowing of water; an excessive amount The constant rain and poor drainage system caused a flood in town. The political party sent out a flood of letters criticizing their opponents. Parts of speech flood v 7. impact n. A strong influence The speech about the importance of education made an impact on me. Usage tips Impact is usually followed by on or of. Parts of speech impact v 8. persevere v. To keep going, despite obstacles or discouragement; to maintain a purpose The hikers persevered despite the bad weather and the icy trail. Parts of speech persist v, persistent adj 9. plunge v.To go down suddenly; to decrease by a great amount in a short time He jumped off the diving board and plunged into the pool. The value of the companyââ¬â¢s stock plunged after its chief executive was arrested. Disaster 9 Usage tips Plunge is often followed by an into phrase. Parts of speech plunge n 10. unleash v. To release a thing or an emotion When they saw the strange man on their property, they unleashed their dogs. He is from such an unemotional family, he will never learn to unleash his feelings. TOEFL Prep I Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the opposite of each word in the left-hand column.Write the letter in the blank. 1. persevere 2. anticipate 3. famine 4. collide 5. catastrophic (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) to pass by without hitting to give up to not see something coming harmless excess of food TOEFL Prep II Circle the word that best completes each sentence. 1. Residents of Hawaii must accept the possibility of a volcanic (eruption / perseverance). 2. Years after the accident, she was finally able to (anticipate / unleash) her feelings of anger. 3. Houses along the river often face (famine / flooding) during the rainy season. 4. Many people think it is cruel to (collide / plunge) live lobsters into boiling water. . A well-written essay should make some kind of (catastrophe / impact) on its readers. 10 Nature TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow. Nature challenges humans in many ways, through disease, weather, and famine. For those living along the coast, one unusual phenomenon capable of catastrophic destruction is the tsunami (pronounced ââ¬Å"tsoo-NAH-meeâ⬠). A tsunami is a series of waves generated in a body of water by an impulsive disturbance. Earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, explosions, and even the impact of meteorites can generate tsunamis.Starting at sea, a tsunami slowly approaches land, growing in height and losing energy through bottom friction and turbulence. Still, just like any other water waves, tsunamis unleash tremendous energy as they plunge onto the shore. They have great erosion potential, stripping beaches of sand, undermining trees, and flooding hundreds of meters inland. They can easily crush cars, homes, vegetation, and anything they collide with. To minimize the devastation of a tsunami, scientists are constantly trying to anticipate them more accurately and more quickly.Because many factors come together to produce a life-threatening Bonus Structureââ¬â tsunami, foreseeing them is not easy. Despite this, researchers Despite this in meteorology persevere in studying and predicting tsunami means ââ¬Å"even so; regardless. â⬠behavior. 1. Which sentence best expresses the essential information of this passage? a. Tsunamis could become a new source of usable energy in the next hundred years. b. Tsunamis do more damage to the land than flooding. c. Tsunamis can have an especially catastrophic impact on coastal communities. d. Scientists an predict and track tsunamis with a fair degree of accuracy, reducing their potential impact. 2. In the first sentence, why does the author mention weather? a. b. c. d. because tsunamis are caused by bad weather because tsunamis are more destructive than weather phenomena as an example of a destructive natural force as an introduction to the topic of coastal storms Disaster 11 Lesson 2 Disaster TOEFL Prep I 1. b 2. c 3. e 4. a 5. d TOEFL Prep II 1. eruption 2. unleash 3. flooding 4. plunge 5. impact TOEFL Success 1. c 2. c LESSON 3 Evolution and Migration Target Words 1. dapt 2. diverse 3. evolve 4. feature 5. generation 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. inherent migration physical process survive Definitions and Samples 1. adapt v. To adjust to the circumstances; to make suitable Dinosaurs could not adapt to the warmer temperatures. The teacher adapted the exercises for his more advanced students. Usage tips Adapt is often followed by to. Parts of speech adaptation n, adapter n, adaptable adj 2. diverse n. Various; showing a lot of differences within a group India is one of the most linguistically diverse countries in the world. Usage tips An -ly adverb (e. g. linguistically) often comes before diverse. Parts of speech diversify v, diversity n, diversification n 3. evolve v. To develop; to come forth Modern-day sharks evolved from their ancestor Eryops, which lived more than 200 million years ago. Copyright à © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. Evolution and Migration 13 Usage tips Evolve is often followed by into or from. Parts of speech evolution n, evolutionist n 4. feature n. Part, characteristic The best feature of this car is its heated seats. Usage tips Feature is often followed by of. Parts of speech feature v 5. eneration n. A group of people born at about the same time As older managers retired, a new generation of leaders took control of the company. Usage tips Before generation, an adjective like new, next, earlier, or older is common. Generation is often followed by of. Parts of speech generational adj 6. inherent adj. Naturally characteristic; always found within something, because itââ¬â¢s a basic part of that thing No job can be interesting all the time. Boredom is inherent in any kind of work. Usage tips Inherent is often followed by in. Parts of speech inherently adv 7. migration n.Movement from one place to another by a group of people or animals The migration of farm workers from one state to the next depends primarily on the harvest. Usage tips Migration is often followed by to or from. Parts of speech migrate v, migrant n, migratory adj 8. physical adj. Related to the body; related to materials that can be seen or felt Because of the shape of its throat, an ape does not have the physical ability to speak. 14 Nature The mountains form a physical barrier between the west and the east. Usage tips Physical usually comes before the noun it describes. Parts of speech physically adv 9. process n. A series of steps leading to a result To get a good job, most people go through a long process of letterwriting and interviews. Usage tips Process is often followed by of plus the -ing form of a verb. Parts of speech proceed v, process v 10. survive v. To continue living (despite some danger or illness) After getting lost in the mountains, Gordon survived by eating wild plants and catching fish. Usage tips Survive is often followed by a phrase with by. Parts of speech survivor n, survival n TOEFL Prep I Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the opposite of each word in the left-hand column. Write the letter in the blank. 1. physical 2. migration 3. adapt 4. inherent 5. survive (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) not an integral part stay the same die staying in one place mental TOEFL Prep II Choose the word from the list that is closest in meaning to the underlined part of each sentence. Write it in the blank. Evolution and Migration 15 diverse evolved generation process survive _______________1. Various languages are spoken on the Indian subcontinent. _______________2. Making bread involves a sequence of steps that takes about three hours. _______________3.Few sea turtles manage to live through their first year of life. _______________4. This age group tends to support current educational policies. _______________5. Her thinking about economics has changed slowly in the last several months. TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow. The migration from Asia to North America across the Bering Strait (perhaps by land bridge) was a monumental event in human history. The process of overspreading the Americas took more than 1,000 years, or 30 generations.This might seem to confirm common senseââ¬âthat slow travel was inherent in any great migration without wheeled vehicles across unknown terrain. Further thought shows Bonus Structureââ¬â that this process was remarkably fastââ¬âabout 10 north- Further thought south miles per year, on average. The Americas were means ââ¬Å"looking deeper; thinking populated at an astounding pace, when one considers more. â⬠the physical limits of the human body and the physical features of the American continents. Legs of humans can move only so fast under the best of circumstances, and they work even slower over mountain passes or deserts.Populations spread through the diverse regions of the Americas (grasslands, eastern forests, coastal swamps) and needed to adapt to their new environments. The migrantsââ¬â¢ lifestyle had evolved over the years to that of professional nomads ensuring that they would find the resources needed to survive. 16 Nature 1. Which sentence best expresses the essential information in this passage? a. Human migration across the Bering Strait was remarkably slow. b. Physical limitations made migration across the Bering Strait almost impossible. c. Humans readily adapted to life in the Bering Strait. d.The migration through the Americas was surprisingly fast. 2. In this passage, the word monumental is closest in meaning to a. b. c. d. disastrous evolving important physical Lesson 3 Evolution and Migration TOEFL Prep I 1. e 2. d 3. b 4. a 5. c TOEFL Prep II 1. diverse 2. process 3. survive 4. generation 5. evolved TOEFL Success 1. a 2. c LESSON 4 Petroleum Alternatives Target Words 1. constraint 2. contamination 3. deplete 4. dispose of 5. elementally 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. emission extinction reservoir shrink stable Definitions and Samples 1. constraint n. Something that restricts thought or actionThe constraints of military life kept Eileen from seeing Private Morris more than once a month. Parts of speech constrain v 2. contamination n. Being made less clean by a germ or hazardous substance The contamination in the river came from the factory located just upstream. Parts of speech contaminate v, contaminant n 3. deplete v. To greatly decrease the supply of a resource or material The prolonged war depleted the countryââ¬â¢s national treasury. Parts of speech depletion n Copyright à © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. 18 Nature 4. dispose of v. To throw away; to get rid of; to killShe disposed of her unwanted possessions before moving. The tyrant cruelly disposed of all his enemies. Usage tips Dispose of should be learned as a unit. In this meaning, dispose does not occur without of. Parts of speech disposal n, disposable adj 5. elementally adv. In terms of elements; basically Elementally, coal and diamonds are the same. Parts of speech element n, elemental adj 6. emission n. Sending out from a small space into the general environment; a substance discharged into the air The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the emission of pollutants into the air.Usage tips Emission is usually followed by an of phrase. Parts of speech emit v 7. extinction n. Complete disappearance; the end of existence Human beings have caused the extinction of many other species. Usage tips Extinction implies an absolute end; an extinct thing cannot be brought back into existence. Parts of speech extinct adj 8. reservoir n. A place where a liquid is collected and stored Cult members threatened to poison the townââ¬â¢s water reservoir. Parts of speech reserve v 9. shrink v. To become reduced in size, amount, or value If you dry your clothing on the ââ¬Å"high heatâ⬠setting, they may shrink.Parts of speech shrinkage n, shrinkable adj Petroleum Alternatives 10. stable adj. Firm and dependable; showing little change He fell because the ladder wasnââ¬â¢t stable. 19 Parts of speech stability n, stably adv TOEFL Prep I Find the word that is closest in meaning to the opposite of each word in the left-hand column. Write the letter in the blank. 1. stable 2. contamination 3. extinct 4. dispose of 5. shrink (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) keep expand unsteady existing purity TOEFL Prep II Circle the word that best completes each sentence. 1. The (constraints / contamination) of being in prison made her hate society even more. 2.A recognition that the Earth is round was one of the (elemental / shrunken) advances in thought during the time period. 3. Mother Teresa, who helped the poorest of the poor, had a great (disposal / reservoir) of love within her spirit. 4. Automobiles are responsible for some (emissions / extinction) of greenhouse gases. 5. By the end of the storm, the hikers had (depleted / reserved) even their emergency stores. TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the question that follows. Human consumption of fossil fuels is expected to fully deplete the Earthââ¬â¢s crude oil reserves by the year 2060.As underground reservoirs of oil continue to shrink, we have no choice but to find alternatives. One promising source, with much cleaner emissions, is called bio-diesel. Bio- Bonus Structureââ¬â One promising source signals the point of this paragraph. 20 Nature diesel is often made from soybean oil, although it can be made from any vegetable oil that is not elementally different from soy. Bio-diesel can even be made from used cooking oils that homes or restaurants would otherwise dispose of. Bio-diesel can be used without constraint in any vehicle that runs on dieselââ¬âno modifications are needed.Presently, diesel engines can take up to 20 percent soy in their soy-diesel blend. As the need for bio-diesel increases and the technology improves, we may soon witness the extinction of the fossil-fueled vehicle. This is good news for the planet, as bio-diesel is a more stable source of energy than petroleum, and it reduces contamination of our air and water. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the three answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. In each blank, write the letter of one of your choices.Bio-diesel is a promising alternative to fossil fuels. â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ a. Humans have shown little self-restraint in their consumption of fossil fuels. b. Underground reservoirs of oil will soon be depleted. c. Bio-diesel burns cleaner than fossil fuels. d. Bio-diesel comes from a more stable source than petroleum. e. Restaurants can save disposal fees on used cooking oil. Lesson 4 Petroleum Alternatives TOEFL Prep I 1. c 2. e 3. d 4. a 5. b TOEFL Prep II 1. constraint 2. elemental 3. reservoir 4. emission 5. deplete TOEFL Success a, c, d Science Copyright à © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use.This page intentionally left blank. LESSON 5 Time Efficiency Target Words 1. adjust 2. arbitrary 3. denominator 4. exponentially 5. infinitesimal 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. maximize parallel proportion rate sequence Definitions and Samples 1. adjust v. To change; to get accustomed to something Travelers are advised to adjust their watches before arriving in the new time zone. Parts of speech adjustment n, adjustable adj 2. arbitrary adj. Chosen simply by whim or chance, not for any specific reason The decision to build a school in Blackberry Township was arbitrary, without any thought to future housing patterns. Parts of speech arbitrate v, arbitrator n, arbitrarily adv 3. denominator n. The number written below the line in a fraction In the fraction 1? 2, the number 2 is the denominator. Usage tips The phrase lowest common denominator means ââ¬Å"the most basic and unsophisticated things that most people share. â⬠Parts of speech denominate v, denomination n, denominational adj Copyright à © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. 24 Science 4. exponentially adv. At a very fast rate In Turkey, the value of the lira has decreased exponentially in the last several decades.Usage tips Exponentially is taken from mathematics, where an exponent is a number indicating how many times something is multiplied by itself. For example, 43 contains the exponent ââ¬Å"3,â⬠indicating 4 ? 4 ? 4. Parts of speech exponent n, exponential adj 5. infinitesimal adj. Immeasurably small The number of contaminants in the water was infinitesimal, so the water was safe to drink. Parts of speech infinitesimally adv 6. maximize v. To increase or make as great as possible A coach helps each athlete maximize his or her potential. Parts of speech maximum n, maximum adj 7. parallel adj. Being an equal distance apart everywhereThe street where I live runs parallel to the main road through town. Usage tips Parallel is often followed by to. Parts of speech parallel n, parallel adv 8. proportion n. A part in relation to the whole The average employee spends a large proportion of each workday answering e-mails. Usage tips Proportion is often followed by of. Parts of speech proportionate adj, proportionally adv 9. rate n. The cost per unit of a good or service; the motion or change that happens in a certain time. Postal rates in Japan are among the highest in the world. Time Efficiency Some grasses grow at the rate of one inch per day. 5 Parts of speech rate v, rating n 10. sequence v. To organize or arrange in succession Volunteers have been asked to sequence the files and organize the boxes. Parts of speech sequence n, sequentially adv TOEFL Prep I Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with the best word from the list. Change the form of the word if necessary. Use each word only once. adjust arbitrary denominator infinitesimal rate 1. Students felt that the exam was unfair and the grading system was rather __________. 2. The __________ of increase in prices made it difficult for people to afford basic goods. 3.Politicians promised great changes in the coming year, but any improvement in peopleââ¬â¢s lives was __________. 4. She quickly overcame her culture shock and found it easy to __________ to the new country. 5. You can add two fractions that have the same __________. TOEFL Prep II Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the opposite of each word in the left-hand column. Write the letter in the blank. 1. arbitrary 2. maximize 3. sequence 4. infinitesimal 5. parallel (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) mix up intersecting minimize huge planned out 26 Science TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you ave learned. Answer the questions that follow. Time is, as we all know, money. Such valuation of time leads people to extreme efforts to maximize their use of time. Some people obsess over knowing the exact time. They buy clocks and watches that automatically adjust themselves over the Internet or by radio Bonus Structureââ¬â As we all know waves. These measurements allow them infinitesimal accuracy is a writerââ¬â¢s device in dealing with time. Regardless of how one tracks time, most for appealing to people share a common goal: They want to use time common knowledge. effectively.Since about 1982, this efficiency has increased exponentially each year, thanks to computers and their ability to multitask. In multitasking, a computer executes several different tasks in parallel. Rather than being set arbitrarily, each task is given a priority in the computerââ¬â¢s operating system, and time is spent in proportion to the priority of the task. The computer executes different sequences of tasks at different clock cycles, thereby increasing the rate of output from a process. 1. Why does the author mention computer multitasking in this article? a. b. c. d. ecause it is new because it measures time better than any clock because it helps people to arrange their activities sequentially because it is a good example of the efficient use of time 2. The underlined word sequences in the passage is closest in meaning to a. b. c. d. styles lengths orderings difficulty levels Lesson 5 Time Efficiency TOEFL Prep I 1. arbitrary 2. rate 3. infinitesimal 4. adjust 5. denominator TOEFL Prep II 1. e 2. c 3. a 4. d 5. b TOEFL Success 1. d 2. c LESSON 6 Ancient Life Target Words 1. accuracy 2. adjacent 3. compress 4. feasibly 5. gut 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. ntegrally overlap retain seep structure Definitions and Samples 1. accuracy n. Precision; exactness The research department checks all our articles for accuracy of facts before we print them. Usage tips Accuracy is often followed by of. Parts of speech accurate adj, accurately adv 2. adjacent adj. Next to Even though the villages are adjacent to each other, their residents speak different languages. Usage tips Adjacent is often followed by to. Parts of speech adjacency n 3. compress v. To press together To make the foundation stronger, they compressed the soil before pouring the concrete.Parts of speech compression n, compressed adj Copyright à © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. 28 Science 4. feasibly adv. Practically; in a way that can work Scientists canââ¬â¢t feasibly bring energy from deep ocean currents to where it is neededââ¬âon land. Parts of speech feasibility n, feasible adj 5. gut v. To empty or hollow out In order to remodel the house, we must first gut it and throw away all the old fixtures. Usage tips Gut also means ââ¬Å"the stomach of an animalâ⬠; this verb makes an image, that the inside of a building is like the inside of an animal.Parts of speech gut n, gutted adj 6. integrally adv. In a whole or complete manner Writing and spelling are taught integrally as part of the reading program. Parts of speech integrate v, integrity n, integral n, integral adj 7. overlap v. To lie over part of something; to have elements in common One of the two assistants will likely get fired, since most of their duties in the office overlap. Parts of speech overlap n 8. retain v. To keep or hold The rain fell so heavily that the banks of the river could not retain all the water. Parts of speech retainer n, retention n 9. seep v.To pass slowly for a long time, as a liquid or gas might As the containers rusted, the toxic waste seeped into the ground. Usage tips Seep is often followed by into or through. Ancient Life 10. structure n. Something constructed, such as a building 29 Most companies have a social structure that canââ¬â¢t be understood by outsiders. Parts of speech structure v, structural adj, structurally adv TOEFL Prep I Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with the best word from the list. Change the form of the word if necessary. Use each word only once. accuracy adjacent feasibly integrally structure 1.She had no idea how they could __________ take a big vacation and remodel their house in the same year. 2. Daily meditation is used __________ with medication and massage as part of the recovery plan. 3. The rival politicians were raised in __________ counties. 4. If you build a __________ next to this river, you must be sure it is safe against floods. 5. Once he ran for public office, he understood the importance of checking public statements for __________. TOEFL Prep II Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the opposite of each word in the left-hand column. Write the letter in the blank. . seep 2. gut 3. retain 4. compress 5. overlap (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) fill separate stay contained loosen throw away TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow. 30 Science Organic products from ancient life are an integral part of the Earthââ¬â¢s resources, offering scientists a more accurate picture of ancient life-forms. One key to ancient life comes in the form of petrified matter. Petrifaction is a process that slowly turns the remains of a living object into stone. In this process, minerals seep into a mass of organic matter.After the organic matter has been replaced, a mineral version of the living object is left. Petrifaction often occurs in trees that are found adjacent to rivers, floodable areas, and volcanoes, which provide the mud or ash that initially covers the organic matter. Some pieces of petrified wood retain the original cellular structure of the wood and the grain can be easily Bonus Structureââ¬â seen. Today, it is feasible to petrify wood in a simple In this context, laboratory process. today means ââ¬Å"at present; at this time Fossils are another way that ancient life is preserved. in history. Most fossils include an animalââ¬â¢s hard parts, such as teeth and bones. One type of fossil, called a trace fossil, may also include eggs, tooth marks, contents of the guts, and fossil excrement. Some products from ancient life offer us more than scientific knowledge. One such product is coal, a solid fuel of plant origin. It develops over millions of years, during which swamp vegetation is submerged in water, depleted of oxygen, and covered by layers and layers of sand and mud. These overlapping layers settle with the Earthââ¬â¢s movements and are compressed over time. 1. Which sentence best expresses the essential information of this passage? . Preserved life-forms, including petrified matter and fossils, teach us about ancient life. b. The primary function for preserved life-forms is scientific discovery. c. Scientists try to replicate natural processes that preserve ancient life-forms. d. Ancient organic matter provides the most concentrated forms of energy known to humans. 2. In the passage, the words submerged in are closest in meaning to a. b. c. d. made wet completely covered adjacent to depleted of Ancient Life 31 Lesson 6 Ancient Life TOEFL Prep I 1. feasibly 2. integrally 3. adjacent 4. structure 5. accuracy TOEFL Prep II 1. c 2. a 3. e 4. d 5. TOEFL Success 1. a 2. b LESSON 7 Computers Target Words 1. circulate 2. corrode 3. derive 4. detection 5. expeditiously 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. implement innovative installation maintenance simulation Definitions and Samples 1. circulate v. To move throughout an area or group; to move along a somewhat circular route The gossip circulated quickly through the small town. Blood circulates more quickly during physical exercise. Usage tips Circulate is often followed by through. Parts of speech circulation n 2. corrode v. To be slowly weakened by chemical reactions Sitting in salt water, the old coins corroded and became very easy to break.Usage tips A familiar kind of corrosion produces rust, the reddish coating on iron or steel that has been exposed to air and water. Parts of speech corrosion n Copyright à © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. Computers 3. derive v. To come from, usually through a long, slow process The Cyrillic alphabet was derived from the Greek alphabet. 33 Usage tips Derive is often followed by from. Parts of speech derivation n, derivative adj 4. detection n. Discovering something that cannot easily be found With new medical technology, the detection of cancer is much easier nowadays.Usage tips Detection is often followed by an of phrase. Parts of speech detect v, detectable adj 5. expeditiously adv. Quickly and efficiently Using carrier pigeons, the military commanders exchanged messages expeditiously. Parts of speech expedite v, expedition n, expeditious adj 6. implement v. To make use of; to carry out Not until after the new software was installed could we implement the new filing system. Parts of speech implement n, implementation n 7. innovative adj. Ahead of the times; novel The innovative use of props and lighting drew many favorable comments. Parts of speech innovation n 8. installation n. Setting something into position for use Installation of the new software takes only four minutes. Parts of speech install v 9. maintenance n. The act of keeping something in good condition The only problem with living in such a big house is that it requires a lot of maintenance. Parts of speech maintain v 34 Science 10. simulation n. An imitation or representation To test car safety, automobile makers study crash simulations. Parts of speech simulate v, simulator n TOEFL Prep I Circle the most likely meaning of the word part that is shared within each set of words. 1. circulate, circumnavigate, circuitThe root circ / circum probably means a. b. c. d. around broken fair straight 2. innovative, novel, renovate The root nov probably means a. b. c. d. clear old new sweet 3. installation, implement, imprison The prefix in-/im- probably means a. b. c. d. aside behind in out TOEFL Prep II Circle the word that best completes each sentence. 1. Please make sure this information (circulates / derives) throughout the office quickly. 2. The (installation / simulation) of the new telephones took three days. 3. In order to stay on schedule, we need to complete this project as (expeditiously / innovatively) as possible. Computers 35 . The smuggler moved cautiously through the airport to avoid (detection / maintenance). 5. Years of neglect had caused the buildingââ¬â¢s water pipes to (corrode / implement). TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow. As dependence on computers increases, so does the need for technical support. From installation of software to detection of viruses, computers require constant vigilance. Most larger companies find it most expeditious to maintain in-house computer staff. Many smaller companies, however, canââ¬â¢t fund their own full-time, in-house technical help.Instead, many of them assign the task of computer maintenance to a current employee who may not have any formal training. Rather, these ââ¬Å"computer buffsâ⬠have derived their skills through practice and self-training. These selfappointed tech specialists, however, often cannot solve bigger problems. Whatââ¬â¢s more, they may see their office relations corrode when they are swamped with basic user questions that they simply donââ¬â¢t have time to address. For these reasons, many small companies choose to employ a freelance technical assistant who circulates among clients on an as-needed basis.With their professional training, these consultants may propose innovative solutions to usersââ¬â¢ unique needs, which could vary from tracking inventory to simulating mechanized processes. They can implement new programs, train personnel, and escape the workplace before being asked,ââ¬Å"How can I cut this file and paste it somewhere else? â⬠1. Which sentence best expresses the essential information of this passage? a. Larger companies are better off using freelance technical consultants. b. Computer maintenance and troubleshooting cuts into employee productivity. c.Self-trained technical support personnel are often as effective as trained professionals. d. Smaller companies may benefit from hiring occasional technical support. 36 Science 2. The article implies that the question How do I cut and paste a file? is a. b. c. d. too basic to require professional attention a good question to give to in-house tech support appropriate for a freelancer to address a good topic for a training program Lesson 7 Computers TOEFL Prep I 1. a 2. c 3. c TOEFL Prep II 1. circulate 2. installation 3. expeditiously 4. detection 5. corrode TOEFL Success 1. d 2. a LESSON 8 Energy Target Words 1. combustion 2. component 3. onvey 4. discretely 5. nucleus 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. permeate rotate solar source trigger Definitions and Samples 1. combustion n. The process of burning When air quality is poor, combustion of materials in a fireplace is prohibited. Usage tips Combustion is often followed by of. Parts of speech combust v, combustible adj 2. component n. One part of a system or whole Their home theater system has a number of separate components. Usage tips Component is often followed or preceded by of. 3. convey v. To transport from one place to another; to transmit or make known A messenger conveyed the princeââ¬â¢s letter to the commander of the army. Copyright à © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. 38 Science The worst part about being a doctor was when she had to convey bad news to a family. Parts of speech conveyance n, conveyor n 4. discretely adv. Separately; distinctly In order to understand how the engine worked, each component needed to be studied discretely. Parts of speech discrete adj 5. nucleus n. A central or essential part around which other parts are gathered; a core The nucleus of many European cities is the town square. Usage tips Nucleus is often followed by of. Parts of speech nuclear adj 6. permeate v.To spread or flow throughout; to pass through or penetrate The smell of cooking permeated the entire apartment building. Parts of speech permeation n 7. rotate v. To turn around; to take turns in sequence The planet rotates on its axis once every 14 Earth days. The children rotate classroom responsibilities on a weekly basis. Parts of speech rotation n 8. solar adj. Of, or relating to, the sun The ancient society kept time with a solar calendar. 9. source n. The point of origin or creation The reporter was unable to identify the source of the information for his story. Parts of speech source v Energy 10. trigger v.To set off or initiate 39 I was certain any mention of politics would trigger a big argument. Parts of speech trigger n TOEFL Prep I Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with the best word from the list. Change the form of the word if necessary. Use each word only once. combustion convey permeate source trigger 1. It is often difficult to __________ the meaning of a poem to a large audience. 2. The __________ of the gossip was someone inside this office. 3. Her bad mood that day __________ the atmosphere in the laboratory. 4. The internal __________ engine revolutionized the way automobiles run. 5. A igarette __________ the explosion. TOEFL Prep II Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to each word in the left-hand column. Write the letter in the blank. 1. rotate 2. solar 3. component 4. discretely 5. nucleus (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) separately, as an individual part spin on an axis sun center part TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow. Most of the electricity in the United States is produced in steam turbines. There are many discrete steps in this process. In a steam turbine, 40 Science combustion of coal, petroleum, or natural gas heats water to make steam.The steam rotates a shaft that is connected to a generator that produces electricity. Finally, that electricity is converted by a transformer and conveyed from the turbine to its place of use. Many sources can provide energy to heat the water in a steam turbine. Coal is primary, producing 51 percent of the countryââ¬â¢s electricity. Another common way to heat water for steam turbines is through nuclear power. In nuclear fission, atoms of uranium fuel are hit by neutrons, triggering a continuous chain of fission that releases heat. In 2001, nuclear power generated 21 percent of the electricity in the United States.Solar power produces less than 1 percent of the United Statesââ¬â¢ electricity needs, because it is not Bonus Structureââ¬â regularly available and harnessing it is more expensive than In this context, still using fossil fuels. Dependence on electricity permeates daily means ââ¬Å"even so; life in the United States. Still, few people are aware of the despite this. â⬠many components of electricity production. 1. What does the author say about solar power? a. It produces more electricity than any other source. b. It is a relatively small source of energy for heating water in steam turbines. c. Electricity producers are rying to use it more regularly. d. Researchers are trying to make it cheaper to use. 2. In the passage, the word transformer probably refers to a a. b. c. d. truck generator that produces electricity type of turbine device that changes electric currents Lesson 8 Energy TOEFL Prep I 1. convey 2. source 3. permeated 4. combustion 5. triggered TOEFL Prep II 1. b 2. c 3. e 4. a 5. d TOEFL Success 1. b 2. d Mind and Body Copyright à © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. This page intentionally left blank. LESSON 9 Memory Target Words 1. acquisition 2. anomaly 3. consciously 4. egrade 5. gap 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. indisputable intervene intuitively recede retrieve Definitions and Samples 1. acquisition n. The act of taking possession of something Our recent acquisition of over 2,000 books makes ours the biggest library in the region. Usage tips Acquisition is often followed by of. Parts of speech acquire v 2. anomaly n. Something unusual White tigers get their beautiful coloring from a genetic anomaly. 3. consciously adv. With awareness of oneââ¬â¢s actions He may have hurt her feelings, but he never would have done so consciously. Parts of speech consciousness n, conscious adjCopyright à © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. 44 Mind and Body 4. degrade v. To reduce in value or strength The roads in cold or wet areas of the United States degrade faster than those in warm, sunny regions. Parts of speech degradation n, degradable adj 5. gap n. Opening; a big difference in amount or quality The small gap between the walls in the old house caused cold drafts to come in. 6. indisputable adj. Beyond doubt; unquestionable The members of the jury found her guilty because they found the facts of the case indisputable. Parts of speech indisputably adv 7. intervene v.To come between A good mediator intervenes only as much as necessary to settle a dispute between other parties. Parts of speech intervention n 8. intuitively adv. By means of a natural sense about things that are hard to observe Many mothers know intuitively when something is wrong with their children. Parts of speech intuition n, intuitive adj 9. recede v. To move back or away from After the age of 30, his hairline began to recede further back from his forehead. Parts of speech recession n, recessive adj 10. retrieve v. To bring or get back Most dogs can be trained to retrieve objects that their owners have thrown.Parts of speech retriever n, retrievable adj Memory 45 TOEFL Prep I Find the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the opposite of each word in the left-hand column. Write the letter in the blank. 1. degrade 2. anomaly 3. recede 4. intervene 5. indisputable (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) stay out of a dispute improve questionable the norm come forward TOEFL Prep II Circle the word that best completes each sentence. 1. A huge (anomaly / gap) between the wealthy and the working class often leads to social unrest. 2. The new computers enable us to (intervene / retrieve) information more quickly. . Although she wasnââ¬â¢t qualified for the job, she (indisputably / intuitively) felt that she should apply. 4. When he joined the military, he did not expect the officers to (degrade / recede) him. 5. The art in the foyer was an important (acquisition / consciousness) for the museum. TOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the question that follows. Like other functions of the human mind, perception and memory are imperfect. When we tell a story about something that we witnessed, we may intuitively believe that our recollection is accurate.However, several factors bias our memories of events. To study this anomaly, let us look at the three steps of memory creation: acquisition of memory, storing of memory, and retrieval. At every stage of memory formation, distortion can occur. At the first stage, acquisition of memory, events are perceived and bits of information are prepared for storage in the brain. However, it is impossible for us to remember every single thing we observe. Through processes that are both conscious and unconscious, people determine which details they will focus on. 46 Mind and BodyIn its second stage, storage, memories can become further distorted. Over time, our memories degrade, as we forget portions of events. To compensate, we may even creatively fill in the gap created by the recession of long-term memory. Additionally, an individualââ¬â¢s memory can be altered during the storage stage by intervening occurrences, which can be subconsciously combined with previously stored Bonus Structureââ¬â memories. Last but not least, we search our memory to locate In sum means ââ¬Å"to information. During recall, emotion also seems to play a part summarize; to give in memory distortion. In sum, our memories may not be the a short version of indisputable source of information that we would like them what has been stated. â⬠to be. An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the three answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. In each blank, write the letter of one of your choices. Memory provides an imperfect record of events. â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ a. b. c. d. e. f. People purposefully present a slanted version of events. Memories can be altered at any point in memory creation. People naturally cannot recall everything they observe.Memories are an indisputable source of fact. Time and emotion contribute to memory degradation. Past occurrences often displace current memories. Lesson 9 Memory TOEFL Prep I 1. b 2. d 3. e 4. a 5. c TOEFL Prep II 1. gap 2. retrieve 3. intuitively 4. degrade 5. acquisition TOEFL Success b, c, e LESSON 10 Spirituality Target Words 1. agnostic 2. animism 3. atheist 4. be inclined to 5. contemplate 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. deify ecclesiastical exalt pious sacrifice Definitions and Samples 1. agnostic adj. Believing that humans cannot know whether there is a god His devoutly Christian parents had problems with his agnostic beliefs.Parts of speech agnostic n, agnosticism n 2. animism n. The belief that natural objects, such as trees, have souls Desert cultures that practice animism often believe that winds contain spirits. Parts of speech animistic adj 3. atheist n. One who does not believe in the existence of a supreme being He argued that his scientific training made it impossible for him to be anything but an atheist. Parts of speech atheistic adj Copyright à © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. 48 Mind and Body 4. be inclined to v.To favor an opinion or a course of action He couldnââ¬â¢t say which candidate he favored, but he had always been inclined to vote Republican. Parts of speech incline n, inclination n 5. contemplate v. To consider thoughtfully If you contemplate each step for so long, we will never complete this project on time. Parts of speech contemplation n, contemplative adj 6. deify v. To worship as a god When people deify the leader of their country, the leader is able to abuse power more easily. Parts of speech deity n 7. ecclesiastical adj. Relating to a church He was looking specifically for a university where he could study ecclesiastical history.Parts of speech ecclesiastic n, ecclesiastically adv 8. exalt v. To praise or honor He would often exalt the virtues of his new wife. Parts of speech exaltation n 9. pious adj. Having or exhibiting religious reverence Sometimes she was so pious that the rest of us felt like heathens. Parts of speech piousness n, piety n, piously adv 10. sacrifice v. Anything offered to a deity as a religious thanksgiving; giving up something in order to have something more valuable later on Every harvest time, the Fadeloni people sacrificed vegetables to their gods as a show of thanks. Spirituality 49In order to succeed in his career, he had to sacrifice his private life and his leisure time. Parts of speech sacrifice n, sacrificial adj, sacrificially adv TOEFL Prep I Complete each sentence by filling in the blank with the best word or phrase from the list. Change the form of the word if necessary. Use each word or phrase only once. be inclined to contemplate deify exalted sacrifice 1. Traditionally, the Camerian society __________ its leaders, considering them to be sent from the land of the gods. 2. To do well in his university courses, he had to __________ a lot of his personal time. 3.The generation of American leaders known as ââ¬Å"the Foundersâ⬠are __________ by many scholars for their wisdom and courage. 4. She knew she would always __________ agree with what her mother said, so she struggled to remain unbiased. 5. The human resources department __________ whether they should let Mary go. TOEFL Prep II Circle the likely meaning of the word part that is shared within each set of words. 1. animism, animal, animation The root anima probably means a. b. c. d. color death many life 50 Mind and Body 2. atheistic, amoral, apathetic The prefix a probably means a. b. c. d. not loving excessive surelyTOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow. In Russia, several religions coexist, including Christianity, Judaism, Islam, and animism. The most common religion is Christianity, and most Christians are members of the Russian Orthodox Church. The Church has existed for over 1,000 years, surviving even the official atheism of the Soviet era and the agnosticism that may have been even more prominent at the time. During the communist years, many Russians who practiced Orthodoxy sacrificed career and educational opportunities.The tenacity of Russian Orthodoxy may explain why even nonreligious Russians are inclined to call themselves Russian Orthodox. That same staying power drives the Church today, which is run by Aleksey II of Moscow. Born Aleksey Mikhailovich Ridiger, the future patriarch was from a very pious family. As a boy, Aleksey was often taken by his parents on their annual pilgrimages, when he most certainly began contemplation of Bonus Structureââ¬â the religious way of life he was to choose. As patriarch, Aleksey Here As patriarch is exalted in the Church governance, but he is not deified. means ââ¬Å"while Aleksey has published articles on Church history and orking in the peacemaking in both the ecclesiastical and secular press, position of church leader. â⬠broadening the Churchââ¬â¢s image both in Russia and abroad. 1. Which sentence best expresses the essential information of this passage? a. b. c. d. The Russian Orthodox Church was banned under Soviet control. Few Russians believe in a god. Aleksey II has updated the churchââ¬â¢s image. The Russian Orthodox Church has a long history of strong membership in Russia. Spirituality 2. According to the passage, Aleksey II of Moscow is a. b. c. d. a god a high church official a secular leader an atheist 51Lesson 10 Spirituality TOEFL Prep I 1. deifies 2. sacrifice 3. exalted 4. be inclined to 5. contemplated TOEFL Prep II 1. d 2. a TOEFL Success 1. d 2. b LESSON 11 Illness Target Words 1. aggravate 2. decrepit 3. disease 4. fatally 5. forensics 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. persist prognosis terminal vein wound Definitions and Samples 1. aggravate v. To make worse; to anger or intensify Running will aggravate your sore knees. Parts of speech aggravation n 2. decrepit adj. Weakened or worn out because of age, illness, or excessive use The once-beautiful building was now dirty, decrepit, and roofless. 3. disease n.An unhealthful condition caused by an infection or a longterm physical problem Thanks to developments in medicine, many once-fatal diseases can now be cured. 4. fatally adv. Causing death or disaster The soldier was fatally wounded in the battle. Parts of speech fatality n, fatal adj Copyright à © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click here for terms of use. Illness 53 5. forensics n. The use of science and technology to investigate facts in criminal cases Advances in the study of forensics have made it much easier to identify criminals from very small traces of evidence. Parts of speech forensic adj 6. persist v.To continue to exist; to hold to a purpose, despite any obstacle If your symptoms persist, you should go see a doctor. Lola persisted in her efforts to become a lawyer. Parts of speech persistence n, persistent adj 7. prognosis n. An educated guess of how something will develop, especially a disease The room fell silent when the doctor gave Senator Grebe a grim prognosis of months of treatment. 8. terminal adj. Located at an end; approaching death The cancer ward at the hospital held both terminal and recovering patients. Parts of speech terminate v, terminally adv 9. vein n. Any of the tubes that form a branching system, especially those hat carry blood to the heart She became fascinated with human anatomy, especially when she learned how veins transport oxygen. 10. wound v. To inflict an injury on Sometimes he didnââ¬â¢t realize his sharp humor could wound as well as entertain. Parts of speech wound n TOEFL Prep I Choose the word from the list that is closest in meaning to the underlined part of each sentence. Write it in the blank. disease fatal persist prognosis wound 54 Mind and Body 1. He sustained a serious injury in the war, so he was sent home immediately. 2. Her sickness was so rare, doctors werenââ¬â¢t certain how to treat it. . His motto was to keep trying, no matter what happened. 4. The medical staff could not know for sure whether the treatment would work, but they made a confident prediction that the patient would recover. 5. The airplane crash was tragic, killing many people immediately and inflicting injuries on others that would eventually prove deadly. TOEFL Prep II Next to each definition, write the word that most closely fits it. aggravate decrepit forensics terminal vein 1. the science involved in solving crimes 2. a vessel for carrying blood 3. to make worse 4. unable to be cured 5. in very bad conditionTOEFL Success Read the passage to review the vocabulary you have learned. Answer the questions that follow. The man was decrepit. With high blood pressure, cancer, and liver disease, he aggravated his situation by smoking. His prognosis was death. His advanced lung cancer was terminal, and his family members knew that he would pass away soon. So no one was surprised to find him dead on that sharp winter Thursday, no one, that is, except one sharp-eyed detective, Illness 55 who noticed the bedroom window ajar on the morning of the old manââ¬â¢s death. Would a fatally ill person be likely to sleep with the window open on a freezing cold night?This question occupied forensic specialists from the medical examinerââ¬â¢s office. There, an autopsy revealed an unlikely wound on the victimââ¬â¢s thigh. Such a wound could easily have been inflicted by someone administering medicine . . . or poison. From there, the poison could travel through the veins, shutting down vital organs and causing death within seconds. Indeed, the death turned out to be murder in the first Bonus Structureââ¬â degree. Criminal investigators persisted in their questioning Indeed indicates of friends and family, only later finding the motive: money. that an idea in an earlier paragraph Two distant relatives who stood How to cite Toefl, Papers Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-7114933646414787282020-05-02T04:40:00.001-07:002020-05-02T04:40:02.819-07:00Importance of Being Earnest Argumentative Essay Example For Students Importance of Being Earnest Argumentative Essay The Importance of Being Earnest is set in late Victorian England, a time of social reform. Society was rediscovering art in its many forms yet as a consequence, The Upper class continued their program of suppressed inferiority. The lower classes were treated with disdain and disgust and the animosity between the groups was easily visible. Essentially, the late Victorian era was the beginning of a mini cultural renaissance, yet Upper Class society, which forms the basis of the play was rigidly controlled by a set of unwritten rules, a code of conduct as it may, in which all were expected to conform with. This code referred to a number of things, including the way they ate, dressed, and spoke. The 19th Century saw many important alliances formed politically between Queen Victoria and her Prime Ministers. This was typified by her friendship with Benjamin Disraeli. Together they formed a number of political partnerships, none of which was more important than the Reform Act. The Reform Act greatly annoyed the upper class, which considered the idea of any man being allowed to vote as simply disgraceful. The Victorian era saw legislation concerning labour and industry, which began to intrude on the power of the Upper class over the working class labourers. In fact by the late 1880s Lower classes were working less hours, while their wages continued to increase. This allowed many to enjoy luxuries that until then were considered only possible by the Upper Classes. Women, even the ones of the Upper Class were still considered unequal of men even at this stage in history, even though the monarch was a woman. Yet, towards the end of the 19th Century, Women rebelled against their stereotypes. They began to seek smaller families so as to escape the child-breeding, household running typecast. Women became active in the social scene with charities, churches, local politics and the arts. Colleges became open to women in the 1870s and many pursued an education. However, Professional Careers were still off limits. The Importance of Being Earnest is a play in the comedy of manners style. The comedy of manners by definition is a witty, cerebral and dramatic form of comedy that satirizes the ways and disposition of a social class. Style itself is a depiction of behavior, not just a shallow manner of expression. The Importance of Being Earnest depicts this to the absolute maximum. The play satirizes the ways of late Victorian upper class and their social etiquette. This satirical view is closely bound to the atmosphere of the time. The play itself deals itself with a typical Comedy of Manners storyline, the trivial social standards, love affairs and the aim of gaining the most money with the least effort. These subject matters are transfixed into a witty dialogue of which is usually a focal point of Comedy of Manners material. The play criticizes and upholds the Upper classes ideals at the same time. Oscar Wildes satirical view of the Upper class is a paradox in itself as he was part of it. The Importance of Being Earnest also supports elements of the well-made play. Original productions of The Importance of Being Earnest were staged in conventional theatres in the confines of the Proscenium Arch. The actors performed in a fourth wall style, where essential the Actor/Audience is non existent, and the actors play only to themselves, as if there is a wall between them and the audience. The Importance of Being Earnest used the ideas of realism and thrust them upon the stage. Ultra realistic props were used to create a world in which nothing seems out of place. Scenery was so intricately painted that the world seems unbelievably real. The Importance of Being Earnest has often being criticized for its emphasis on language, even to the stage where it could best be presented with minimal or no actor movement whatsoever. While many use this a reason to be critical, from a theatrical perspective the language is as close to perfect as you are ever likely to find. .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8 , .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8 .postImageUrl , .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8 , .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8:hover , .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8:visited , .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8:active { border:0!important; } .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8:active , .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8 .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9e9c3981937d0294884140ce2c8a90d8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: God Concept EssayWilde creates this effect in a number of ways. Firstly, his use of the paradox as a comic device, although not widespread the joke of the paradox lies in its unpredictability, I hear that her hair has gone quite gold from grief or perhaps An engagement should come on a girl as a surprise, pleasant or unpleasant, as the case may be. It is hardly a matter of which she could be allowed to arrange for herself. The importance of the paradox here is not its ludicrousness, but the unanticipated wisdom that the statement actually makes. Another of Wildes literary tricks is alliteration. Alliteration is the repetition of consonantal sounds in words close together, particularly using letters at the beginning of words or stressed syllables. This can be observed in many of his phrases, which emphasise important sections of the plot. Wilde uses puns as another comic influence. A pun is a play on words, often uncovering multiple meanings. Wilde uses a mix of all of these methods to create a language, which is complex, yet incredibly enthralling. During our production my role was to design tickets to suite our style of performance. There were a number of processes in which I had to go through to uncover my final finished product. Firstly, I research anything remotely to do with Victorian society and ticketing. This started with the looking into books and documents of the time and even finding older examples of Victorian work. This led into the first drafting process. After coming up with a design, some discussion was had in a group and we finalized the design and the wording that was to be printed on the tickets. After some thought, I went with the gold cardboard which visually very impressive. Subsequently, I presented a finished product to the class and after some confusion about dates and times, I went into full-scale production. To save money, we printed the tickets on a laser printer instead of an actual printer, but the quality was surprisingly good. So after 2 weeks of refinement and a number of drafts the tickets were completed. The tickets themselves use a uniform old style font which is elegant yet still readable. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-358112820421998552020-03-22T09:44:00.001-07:002020-03-22T09:44:02.708-07:00Outsourcing and In Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-40253914226026791752020-03-05T22:11:00.001-08:002020-03-05T22:11:02.675-08:00Word ClippingWord Clipping Word Clipping Word Clipping By Maeve Maddox Shortened forms of words like rhinoceros (rhino), synchronization (sync), and limousine (limo), common in conversation and informal writing, are usually used in their entirety in formal contexts. These shortened words are called clippings. Sometimes a clipping drives out its longer original and becomes a standard word in its own right. Some standard English words that began as clippings are: taxi: a shortening of Taximeter, a device for measuring distance and figuring the fare. cab: a shortening of cabriolet, a light two-wheeled chaise drawn by one horse. Later the word was applied to a motorized vehicle. Note: The word taxi-cab combines two clippings. lunch: a shortening of luncheon, a word documented from 1580. Although lunch is documented as early as 1829, it was still considered to be vulgar a century later. Luncheon is still around, but it has acquired something of a precious connotation. bus: a shortening of omnibus. Classical Latin omnibus means ââ¬Å"for all.â⬠As a term for a public transportation vehicle, omnibus was borrowed from French. The wealthier classes had enjoyed the services of carriages for hire as early as the 17th century. The omnibus offered inexpensive public transportation to the masses. plane: a shortening of aeroplane/airplane. Words are clipped from front, back, or both ends. Back clipping Most clippings keep the front part of the word, dropping the remaining syllables: chimpanzee > chimp synchronize > sync examination > exam gasoline > gas memorandum > memo Some clippings change the spelling of the first syllable in order to keep the desired pronunciation. For example, the shortening of business is spelled biz because severed from business, the syllable bus is pronounced like the word for the vehicle. The shortened form mike for microphone has been in the language since 1911. Beginning in the 1960s, the use of the abbreviation ââ¬Å"micâ⬠on electronic devices began to be confused with the word mike. As an abbreviation under an audio port, ââ¬Å"micâ⬠is a useful space-saver. It fails as a spelling, however, because mic rhymes with Bic. Fore-clipping Some shortenings drop the beginning of the word: robot > bot parachute > chute cockroach > roach telephone > phone Middle Clipping In middle clipping the middle of the word is retained: refrigerator > fridge influenza > flu pajamas > jammies Only time will tell which of the current shortened words so popular in social media will stick to the language. Here are some linguistic terms related to word formation by clipping: apocope [uh-POK-uh-pee]: The cutting off or omission of the last letter or syllable/s of a word: pic from picture, vocab from vocabulary. apheresis [a-fuh-REE-sis]: omission of one or more sounds or letters from the beginning of a word: possum from opossum. syncope [SEENK-uh-pee]: contraction of a word by omission of one or more syllables or letters in the middle, like maââ¬â¢m from madam, specs from spectacles, and foââ¬â¢cââ¬â¢sle for forecastle. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Has vs. HadIn Search of a 4-Dot EllipsisCapitalizing Titles of People and Groups Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-82303036633218561792020-02-18T13:37:00.001-08:002020-02-18T13:37:02.645-08:00New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico AssignmentNew Progressive Party of Puerto Rico - Assignment Example Under the Foraker Law which was established on April 2, 1900, Puerto Rico became the first unincorporated territory of the United States to enjoy a free commerce and civil government relationship with the United States ( Barcelo, Carlos Romero ââ¬Å"Puerto Rico USA: The Case for Statehoodâ⬠). As a responsible member of the New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico, I feel that it is my duty to help my countrymen make an informed decision about this particular cause based upon facts. Facts that have a direct relation and impact upon the citizens of Puerto Rico. To begin with, I would like to present you all with the fact of Puerto Rican life should we opt to continue without U.S. citizenship. I would like everyone to remember that at this current point in time, Puerto Rico is enjoying the liberties of being a part of the United States without actually losing our status as a commonwealth. Although the United States governs a majority or our nations activities and political decisions, they do so without infringing on our rights as residents and nationals of Puerto Rico. Although statehood has somehow always been on the table, it has not become a reality yet. Statehood is a permanent change from which our nation can never turn back. When we incorporate ourselves into America as a state, we become Americans who follow American law, pay American taxes, and follow American culture. Gone is the chance for secession and our commonwealth status shall be nothing but a part of the past of Puerto Rico (ââ¬Å"Major Disadvantages of Statehoodâ⬠). Currently, we enjoy the unique relationship that the United states has with Puerto Rico. We manage to have an independent set of governing rules and regulations even as we continue to have a noticeable American presence in our nation. As the legal minds explain it; International and constitutional law arbitrarily collide in the legal arrangement between the United States and Puerto Rico. As a matter of international law, it i s unclear whether this arrangement conforms to customary international treaties and obligations. As a matter of national law, it is unclear that the constitution permits an arrangement between Puerto Rico and the United States ---- short of separation (independence as a state) or integration (admission to the union as a state) -- that could conform to these international obligations (Lawson & Sloane ââ¬Å"The Constitutionality of Decolonization by Associated Statehood: Puerto Rico's Legal Status Reconsideredâ⬠). Puerto Rican citizens somehow manage to carry a dual citizenship with the United States under this murky legal loophole which does not allow us to elect American officials if I elect to continue living in Puerto Rico. However, the minute I step onto U.S. soil, I become an American citizen with the right to help elect officials to the local, state, and national levels of political office. We are uniquely American in citizenship, and yet still un-American in governance, culture, and tradition. Without U.S. citizenship and recognition as a U.S. territory, Puerto Rico the economy of Puerto Rico will not manage to survive. My research has shown that as a territory, we do not pay U.S. taxes and yet offer investment opportunities to Americans in the mainland under a tax-free status. Our status as a commonwealth has not protected the country against foreign debt. Rather, we Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-52620980085240739602020-02-03T21:07:00.001-08:002020-02-03T21:07:03.526-08:00Compare and contrast how do TV ads and Google Ads target customers, Research ProposalCompare and contrast how do TV ads and Google Ads target customers, and what's their own advantages and disadvantages in that - Research Proposal Example The nature of the product is very important because there are some products and services which can only be advertised on TV because of their common use. Though the use of internet is increasing very much but still we can say that there are many old age people or many other ones who are not interested in the internet based technological world. For those customers the companies may have to revise their marketing strategies. For this kind of targeted part of market the companies may have to focus on the television as the advertising media for the promotion of their products and services. With the help of this research study we will try to provide a deep insight about the development of internet advertising as a tool. Despite the above mentioned part of market that is not interested in the online activities and thus not affected by the Google ads, the other maximum part of the target market is really affected by the internet advertisements. The use of internet is widely increased in the past few years. The research study shows that in the past decades the television advertising is the main source of product promotion for the companies (Lowrey, McCarty & Shrum 2004). But now the preference has been changes and the people are now more focused on the internet ads. The reason behind the change in the behavior is that now the internet is involved in maximum of the activities of the people. They are spending most of the leisure time on internet or on social media. Focusing on the interests of the people companies take advantage of this technology and start using internet a s the tool of advertising. And this strategy is very much famous now for most of the companies or businesses. This research paper will provide an overview of the online and TV advertisements and also the evaluation of both of them so that anyone can easily assess the level of Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-68762951775952413642020-01-26T17:30:00.001-08:002020-01-26T17:30:03.462-08:00Why is robbery on the increase?Why is robbery on the increase? Robbery is the taking or attempting to take something of value from another person by threats of violence or by violence itself. Robbery can be committed against an individual person, an organization like a bank or even businesses. Robbery is a felony in all states of the world. There are two kinds of robberies which have been happening in our organization namely: Violent robbery where one uses weapons and aggravated robbery (use of toy pistols) where one uses a very deadly weapon or an imitation of a deadly weapon. It is with great concern that the company has continued to loose a lot of its assets and employees through robbery and it is therefore with this concern in mind that we have to set out the ways to minimize this vice. Our Company lost three employees and close to 30000 dollars last year as a result of robbery with violence. It is therefore in this accord that I decided to consult a lot of organizations and stakeholders in the security sector to get the possible advice of how we can be able to reduce this vice. Among the people I consulted are the Police units of this country and the various prominent security companies in this nation. I got the relevant information which I do wholly believe will be of help to our organization. My report has dealt with the initial definition of the term Robbery and I have outlined the objectives of my report. The findings and outcomes of my research have also been addressed as well as the very sensitive places/areas we need to direct our security manpower to. Lastly I have given crucial recommendations which I hope the top management of our company will adopt and lastly, I have given my personal reflection towards the whole topic of robbery. Findings and outcomes: It was noted that in order to reduce armed robberies in our organization, we should be able to train our staff with some of the best procedures which can help us reduce them. It was noted that people who handle cash should observe the following: Cash handling: Large amounts of cash should not be kept in hand and that our organization should only keep minimal cash on the premises. Conspicuous bags should always be used instead of the bank bags when carrying cash. The staff involved should always be on the alert when carrying cash. Cash should never be left lying around and it should never be counted in view of the public. Cash handling procedures should never be discussed in public. Office precautions: For us to help reduce the risk of armed robberies in our premises, I propose that: Staff should always be on the lookout for suspicious activities near our premises. The description of suspicious people and the registration of vehicles should be noted and the police informed immediately. The windows and doors at the rear of our organization should always be secured with bars and deadlocks. Electronic beepers and other security devices should be put in place to indicate when our staff are entering or leaving the business when we are open for business. The office frontage should always be uncluttered to give a clear view of the street the service area should also be placed in the street frontage. A silent alarm should be connected to a security Company or the police so that it can be activated from near our cash drawers or registers. Security cameras should also be installed so that offenders can be photographed while committing the armed robbery. Victims of robbery with violence: If one of our staff fall a victim of an armed robbery, then it is my advice that you remain calm. In any case the armed robbery is being committed; useful information such as the description of the offenders and vehicles can help in the early arrest of the offenders. However, the following should be remembered: Dont be heroic by putting your life in danger. No amount of cash is worthy a life lost. Always obey the offenders instructions and do what they tell you to do and nothing else. Dont volunteer to give any information. Always avoid eye contact with offenders and their weapons and instead concentrate on the features of the offenders. If you are not directly involved, stay out of danger by leaving the building safely and raising an alarm. A victim should be deliberate in his/her actions. Lower denomination notes should he handed to the offenders if you are ordered to hand over money, but ones safety should always be considered first. If one of you or another responsible member of staff is able, the police emergency number should be phoned immediately and the line kept open. The registration number, type and color of the vehicles used in the robbery should be carefully observed. Minor details assist the police in faster apprehension of the culprits. Physical appearance details such as age, height, build and hair color should be well noted and behavioral details like mannerisms, speech, clothing, tattoos and scars should be considered. The type of weapon used, the method and direction of escape should also be noted. All witnesses should be requested to stay until the police come since they will want to speak to them. Assure them that their evidence could be of importance when put together with other evidence and dont allow witnesses to talk about the incident. Victims of armed robbery suffer from trauma and therefore the organization should seek professional victim liaison officers to provide advice in contacting required agencies. Preventive techniques that should be implemented to prevent armed robbery: Armed robbery is one of the most potentially serious offenses committed all over the world. It is therefore important that organizations including ours must try by all means to prevent these robberies. To be able to do this, the following opening and closing procedures should always be observed: Two employees should be present during the opening and closing of the premises. When opening the premise, thorough inspection should be done to detect any signs of forcible entry before anyone enters the business. At closing time, the security officers should ensure that nobody is hiding in the business or loitering inside the compound prior to leaving the business. A well maintained and light interior and exterior should always be place. Security measures which allow the workers to have a complete view of the environment such as elevated vantage points, convex mirrors and the placement of the customer service and cash area should be visible the counter or work area should be regularly cleaned to remove old fingerprints. Make public the point that the organization uses good cash protection skills and uses very high security surveillance machines. Employees should be trained to report and watch for suspicious people outside and inside the organization. Police should be called if the employees are worried about a potential risk. Lunch hours and breaks should always be varied so that some employees are always visible in the organization. Our organization should cut back and maintain trees and shrubbery which criminals could use to hide. Employees should be informed to ask for identification from repair people, workers, guards e.t.c before they are allowed to enter into restricted areas. Our organization should consider having an automatic silent alarm system with a panic alarm system. Our organization should consider using doors that lock automatically upon closing in the secure areas. Drop or delay action time lock safe that use a dual key should be used by our organization. Use of greater criminal prosecution in Robbery cases: We as an organization wholly believe that criminal prosecution is a very effective tool in dealing with the robbery with violence cases. We also strongly believe that by enforcing greater criminal prosecution for suspected robbery suspects, we shall be demonstrating the societys opprobrium of a very offensive character in way that some methods cannot. Greater criminal prosecution should be used so as to set criminalization far apart from the regulatory sanctions which if set properly can be able to deter and punish criminals rather than deterrence and penalty. However, practical and circumstantial use of greater criminal prosecution cannot always be the best for our organization and it can lead limit its effectiveness as an instrument for solving regulatory crimes because: It always inhibits the use of more flexible and alternative sanctions. It will brand our organization with criminality when circumstances leading to these prosecutions may not be of direct consequence of our actions. It always takes a long time to come to the courts and the respondent concerned may at last be acquitted. Use of greater criminal prosecution will always fail to correct the damage already caused by that offence. It may result in the high cost in relation to the proper penalty for the offender. RECOMMENDATIONS: I highly recommend that the top management should be holding security meetings with all the employees and inform them that the security of our organization is paramount to everything else. We therefore recommend that all our staff should be taken through all the necessary security trainings so that they can be informed that the security of an organization does not entirely depend on the security personnel alone but on everyone. I will recommend that the top management to allocate a certain percentage of the income in this financial year so that sophisticated security systems and cameras are purchased and installed in the organization. This will ensure that possible robbery threats in our organization are dealt with. My personal Reflection: I have personally heard many friends tell me about how their houses, organizations, businesses have robbed and the associated trauma they have suffered as a result of this robbery. In some instances, many victims have lived to tell the story but in some other unfortunate incidences, the victims have fallen victims of this inhuman behaviour and thereby succumbed to death. I personally tried to interview some security personnel and at most times, most of them have blankly told me that their companies are seldom well equipped to deal with the robbers. They claim the top management is very uncooperative as far as security concerns are concerned. I therefore realized that the loss of assets and human life could be tremendously reduced if all the stakeholders in an organization worked as a team and put in strong security mechanisms to deter robbery with violence. I could therefore like to urge everyone everywhere to realize that security doesnt involve the security personnel or the police alone but is a collective responsibility for each and every individual. We must all join hands towards the prevention of robbery. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-11589461241785466282020-01-18T13:53:00.001-08:002020-01-18T13:53:02.888-08:00ââ¬ËMiss Brillââ¬â¢ by Katherine Mansfield EssayThe short story ââ¬ËMiss Brillââ¬â¢ written in 1922 by Katherine Mansfield revolves around an elderly woman named Miss Brill. This particular short story is deeply influenced by Mansfieldââ¬â¢s private life. Miss Brill is an unmarried, older English woman who lives by herself in a tiny apartment in France. She teaches English to students in France and reads the newspaper several times a week to an elderly man. The story is a reflection of Miss Brillââ¬â¢s inner conflicts, feelings of estrangement, loneliness and deep desire to be an important person. The old woman in the story wants very badly to belong to a family or a group. So every Sunday she goes to a seaside park, listens to the conversations of strangers and hears the band play. Her park visits help her in coping with her loneliness and provide her with much enjoyment. She sits on a special bench every week and listens to the conversations of others. While she listens to strangers she feels included and part of their lives. She experiences a sense of communion with the strangers in the park and imagines being a family member of the band. In this way, her rose colored glasses protect her from her lonely existence and empty life. Everything in the park is in great contrast to her actual life. The park for her is an alternate reality where she plays the part of an actress on a great stage. In reality, she is no longer important to anyone. However, in the park as an actress, her mere absence would cause great dismay to others. Her living conditions are gloomy and dark but the park that she visits is bright, sunny and filled with happiness. Her fur stole also becomes a dear pet when she visits the park. She attributes feelings and personality to the inanimate fur. She calls it her ââ¬Å"little rogue!â⬠and often strokes it affectionately. Another indicator of skewed reality is the fact that Miss Brill forgets that she herself is an old, odd, silent woman who had just come out of a dark room. She puts other elder people who also visit the park every Sunday in this category but not herself. By using these defenses she feels included, important and connected to other people around her. She fools herself into believing that she has a deep purpose in life. She has unintentionally set herself up to be hurt by reality. On one particular Sunday all her illusions are shattered. She is forced to understand her self-deception.à While looking at strangers, she sees an elderly woman with a fur hat. Miss Brill can identify with this other elderly woman. She sees the other woman being met by a gentleman. Like her lonely self, the other woman is also quite excited by new company. à The man pays no attention to her and instead rudely puffs into the other womanââ¬â¢s face. The man walks away but leaves the other woman humiliated. Miss Brill empathizes with the other woman and feels he has hurt both women equally. She quickly puts herself in her actress mode to avoid hurt and continues listening to others. She starts paying attention to the conversation of a young couple seated besides her.à The young man callously refers to her as ââ¬Å"that stupid old thingâ⬠. He questions why the old lady comes to the park and why she strokes her stole. Instantaneously, her world of self deception is completely shattered. She finally understands that she is neither an actress on a stage nor an important part of this crowd. She has no choice but to return to her little apartment or her dark cupboard like room. This particular Sunday she does not stop by the bakers on her way back home. She feels no need to buy herself her usual slice of honey cake. She realizes that her coping mechanisms cannot help her cope with reality forever. At last, the young manââ¬â¢s rude remarks had woken her up from her happy dream into her nightmarish reality. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-72452960400621678572020-01-10T10:16:00.001-08:002020-01-10T10:16:02.832-08:00A Comparison Between ‘Requiem For The croppies’ And ‘The Tollund Man’, both by Seamus HeaneySeamus Heany is a poet, born in Northern Ireland in 1939. He currently divides his time between his home in Dublin and Harvard University, where he is ââ¬ËEmerson poet in residence'. Heaney's poems are rarely political but two poems which comment indirectly on sectarian violence are ââ¬ËRequiem For The Croppies'- written in 1966, and ââ¬ËThe Tollund Man' which was published in 1972. Each poem is inspired by the past but is revolving to the recent troubles. Heaney was awarded the ââ¬ËNobel Prize for Literature' in 1995. ââ¬ËRequiem For The Croppies' was written in 1966 to mark the anniversary of the Easter rising (the Easter rising refers to a rebellion against the British by the catholic Irish which brought about the civil war.). The poem tells of an earlier rebellion of the Irish against the protestant British in 1798 and how this rebellion can be linked to the Easter rising and current sectarian violence in Ireland. Heany writes the poem in the first person, as if he were one of the croppies; a peasant youth rebelling against the protestant British who are running catholic Ireland. ââ¬ËThe Tollund Man' is another of Heaney's poems in which he comments indirectly on the sectarian violence in Ireland. This poem was written after Heaney was inspired by a book by P.V Glob which features recently discovered two-thousand year old bodies, which had been perfectly preserved in a peat bog in Denmark. This poem opens with the poet, Heany, saying how he would like to visit the body of ââ¬ËThe Tollund Man' at a museum in Aarhus, Denmark; something he actually did in 1973. ââ¬ËRequiem For The Croppies' opens with the lines: ââ¬ËThe pockets of our greatcoats full of barley ââ¬â No kitchens on the run, no striking camp- We moved quick and sudden in our own country', This refers to how the croppies, a small unprepared army of catholic Irish citizens, marched across a land they believed to have been theirs. These lines describe how the croppies filled their pockets with barley for food as they had no travelling kitchen or organised meal arrangements. The poem tells how war is a great equaliser among men. In 1798, classes rarely mingled with each other, however, these men are all fighting for the same cause and so see each other as equals and sleep together, as told in line four: ââ¬ËThe priest lay behind ditches with the tramp'. The fact that a priest is fighting the war also gave the Catholics moral legitimacy. The croppies appeared as hikers to passing folk, they did not march as it was an informal undisciplined army. The croppies had small victories fuelled by spontaneity The word ââ¬Ëuntil' shows the sudden pivot of luck in the croppies tale; the rebels were slain on the Vinegar Hill in what Heaney described as ââ¬Ëthe fatal conclave'. ââ¬ËTerraced thousands died, shaking scythes at cannon. The hillside blushed, soaked in our broken wave.' These lines describe just how pathetic the weapons of the rebels were compared to those of the British. The Irish rebels had scythes to defend themselves in battle, which were generally no match for a prepared army with cannons. And so, the rebels, fighting in rows side-by-side (like terraces), were slaughtered. The idea of the ââ¬Ëblushing' hillside, gives the idea of how blood was spilt on the land and giving it the red, ââ¬Ëblushing' appearance. The croppies were buried without ââ¬Ëshroud or coffin'; this explains how the croppies were given a mass burial with no ceremony or funeral rites which is very important to the catholic religion. ââ¬ËThe barley grew up out of the grave. This line has a lot of meaning in the poem, the croppies were buried in the clothing they wore and the barley from their coats literally took root and grew, this implies that you can defeat an army but the spirit of resistance lives on. ââ¬ËThe Tollund Man' is divided into three parts. The first part of the poem opens with: ââ¬ËSome day I will go to Aarhus To see his peat-brown head, The mild pods of his eyelids, His pointed skin cap. This first verse expresses Heaney's wish to visit the Tollund man in Aarhus, Denmark, he has only seen photographs of the body and wants to see it in person. Heany describes the ââ¬ËTollund man' as having a ââ¬Ëpeat-brown head' this is because when the body was discovered the skin was stained brown from the peat. The ââ¬Ëmild pods of his eyelids' refers to just how well the body had been preserved (the Tollund man still had his hair, teeth and eyes, as well as the contents of his stomach, perfectly preserved (ââ¬Ëthe last gruel of winter seeds caked in his stomach)). Heaney then says how he would stand in awe of the body, full of reverence, if he were able to visit it (I will stand a long time, bridegroom to the goddess'). In the fourth verse of the first section Heaney describes the Tollund Man's death quite sexually; ââ¬ËShe tightened her torc on him, And opened her fen, Those dark juices working him To a saints kept body' This is Heaney's way of describing the Tollund man's execution (a sacrificial ritual to the pagan god of fertility, Nerthus). The Tollund Man's neck was broken in a vice (tightening the torc) and he was buried in the peat bog (ââ¬Ëopened her fen') where he sank deeper into the peat to be preserved perfectly for two thousand years (ââ¬Ëthose dark juices working him to a saint's kept body). The final verse closes with Heany commenting on how valuable the find was to the archaeologists and now the mud stained face ââ¬Ëreposes' at Aarhus. Part two of this poem is about four catholic brothers who were ambushed by protestant men. The brothers were tied to the back of a train and dragged to their death over several miles of train line, parts of their bodies were found up and down the line including teeth and patches of skin. Heany says that if it were possible to bring the brothers back to life by risking blasphemy and praying to the Tollund man, then he would do so. The third section of this poem discusses Heaney's journey to Aarhus. He will feel estranged because of ââ¬Ëlanguage barriers' but at home because he can link the death of the Tollund Man to the deaths of people in his homeland, both die for their religion. ââ¬ËRequiem for the croppies' is in Miltonic sonnet format, it comprises of fourteen lines in an octave plus sestet format. The poem also features a complex rhyme scheme of ABABCDCD EFEFEF. The dashes on the third line regarding the croppies' feeding habits add parenthesis (conversation aside). Heany uses a few metaphors (e.g. ââ¬Ëterraced thousands' ââ¬Ëhillside blushed') to add imagery to this piece of writing and the antithesis of ââ¬Ëshaking scythes at cannon' is a good contrast to use when comparing the weak to the strong. ââ¬ËThe Tollund Man' is written in a conversational tone and comprises of several quatrains per section and it has no rhyme scheme. The poem uses metaphors to describe the shape of the eyes; ââ¬Ëpods' allows the reader to visualise a thin layer containing some sort of round object e.g. a pea pod. The paradox ââ¬Ëunhappy and at home' is an ironic paradox relating to his how he has become accustomed to killing around him yet it still makes him sad to know it is going on. The oxymoron ââ¬Ësad freedom' is ironic because you wouldn't tend to use two words which involve opposite emotions to be next to each other in descriptive writing. I prefer ââ¬ËRequiem for the Croppies' because I find it more dramatic and moving. The pivot in the story adds a thrill to the tale and it is not as long and cryptic as ââ¬ËThe Tollund Man'. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-3500031297872117282020-01-02T06:39:00.001-08:002020-01-02T06:39:02.376-08:00Conversation Topics for College Office Hours Its no secret: college professors can be intimidating. After all, theyre super smart and in charge of your educationââ¬ânot to mention your grades. That being said, of course, college professors can also be really interesting, really engaging people. Your professors likely encourage you to come speak with them during office hours. And you may, in fact, have a question or two youd like to ask. If youd like a few additional topics to have on hand for your conversation, consider any of the followingà things to talk to your professor about: Your Current Class If youre currently taking a class with a professor, you can easily talk about the class. What do you like about it? What do you find really interesting and engaging? What do the other students like about it? What recently happened in class that youd like more information on, that you found helpful, or that was just plain funny? An Upcoming Class If your professor is teaching a class next semester or next year that youre interested in, you can easily talk about it. You can ask about the reading load, what kinds of topics will be covered, what expectations the professor has for the class and for students taking the class, and even what the syllabus will look like. A Previous Class You Really Enjoyed Theres nothing wrong with talking to a professor about a previous class you took with him or her that you really enjoyed. You can talk about what specifically you found interesting and ask if your professor can suggest other classes or supplemental reading so that you can pursue your interests further. Graduate School Options If youre thinking about graduate schoolââ¬âeven just a tiny bitââ¬âyour professors can be great resources for you. They can talk to you about different programs of study, what youre interested in, what graduate schools would be a good match for your interests, and even what life as a graduate student is like. Employment Ideas It could be that you absolutely love botany but have no idea what you can do with a botany degree once you graduate. A professor can be a great person to talk to about your options (in addition to the career center, of course). Additionally, they may know of internships, job opportunities, or professional contacts that can help you along the way. Anything Covered in Class That You Loved If you recently went over a topic or theory in class that you absolutely loved, mention it to your professor! It will undoubtedly be rewarding for him or her to hear about, and you can find out more about a topic you didnt know youd love. Anything Youre Struggling With in Class Your professor can be a greatââ¬âif not the bestââ¬âresource for getting clarity or more information about something youre struggling with. Additionally, a one-on-one conversation with your professor can provide you with an opportunity to walk through an idea and ask questions in a way that you simply cannot do in a large lecture hall. Academic Difficulties If youre facing larger academic struggles, dont be too afraid to mention it to a professor you like. He or she might have some ideas to help you out, might be able to connect you with resources on campus (like tutors or an academic support center), or just might give you a great pep talk that helps your refocus and recharge. Personal Problems That Are Impacting Your Academics While professors arent counselors, its still important for you to let them know about any personal problems youre facing that might be having an effect on your academics. If someone in your family is very sick, for example, or if youre financially struggling because of an unexpected change in financial status, it might be helpful for your professor to know. Additionally, it can be wise to mention these kinds of situations to your professor when they first appear instead of when they become a problem. How Current Events Connect With the Course Material Many times, the material(s) covered in class are large theories and concepts that dont always seem like they connect to your day-to-day life. In reality, however, they often do. Feel free to talk with your professor about current events and how they might connect to what youre learning in class. A Letter of Recommendation If youre doing well in class and you think your professor likes and respects your work, considerà asking your professor for a letter of recommendationà if you need one. Letters of recommendation that have been written by professors can be especially helpful when youre applying for certain types of internships or even graduate school or research opportunities. Study Tips It can be all too easy to forget that professors were once undergraduate students, too. And just like you, they likely had to learnà how to study at the college level. If youre struggling with study skills, talk to your professor about what theyd recommend. This can be an especially helpful and important conversation to have before an important midterm or final, too. Resources on Campus That Can Help Academically Even if your professor wants to help you more, he or she might simply not have the time. Consider, then, asking your professor about other academic support resources that you can use, like a specific upper-class or graduate-level student whos a great tutor or a great TA who offers extra study sessions. Scholarship Opportunities Your professor undoubtedly receives regular mailings and emails about scholarship opportunities for students interested in certain academic fields. Consequently, checking in with your professors about any scholarship opportunities they know about might easily result in some helpful leads that you might otherwise not find out about. Jop Opportunities True, the career center and your own professional network can be your main sources of job leads. But professors can also be a great resource to tap into. Make an appointment with your professor to talk generally about your job hopes or options as well as what connections your professor might know about. You never know what former students they still keep in touch with, what organizations they volunteer with, or what other connections they may have to offer. Dont let your nervousness about talking with your professors disconnect you from what could be a great future job! Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-65807377730613873902019-12-25T03:05:00.001-08:002019-12-25T03:05:04.270-08:00Peace The Beauty Of Enlightenment - 2599 Words Kosisochukwu Nwafornso Dr. James Fodor Clar-101-10 October 2, 2016 Peace: The Beauty of Enlightenment. The prologue which is the life of learning in general is basically talking about peace and the goals of higher education. This section is arising the question of what is education? Not in the sense of exact definition but how it affects the individual and society. This question has been asked for centuries, and even in modern times the answer is not obvious. Education has many grey areas when it comes to the question of its effects, long and short term. The authors Bonaventure, Marcus Tullius Cicero, Annie Dillard, John Henry Cardinal Newman, Richard Rodriguez, Thomas Wolfe, and Richard Wright all shed some light upon education with their works, ââ¬Å"The Journey of the Mind into Godâ⬠, ââ¬Å"In Defense of the Poet Aulus Licinius Archiasâ⬠, ââ¬Å"An American childhoodâ⬠, ââ¬Å"The Idea of a Universityâ⬠, ââ¬Å"Hunger of Memoryâ⬠, ââ¬Å"Young Faustusâ⬠, and ââ¬Å"The Library Cardâ⬠. Some of these passages are similar while some other passages are very dissimilar based on their contents and structures but they all give clarification of the same idea: Education is enlightenment, and through this enlightenment comes power, improvements and peace of individuals, societies and countries at large. In the Journey of the mind into God by our beloved Bonaventure was talking about the connections between peace and the ultimate goals of higher education. He also spoke about the act of contemplation which he explained as anShow MoreRelatedInto The Wild By John Krakauer1735 Words à |à 7 PagesChrisââ¬â¢ journey of self-discovery in his quest for ââ¬Å"ultimate freedomâ⬠is inherently selfish or nobel. McCandlessââ¬â¢ quest is noble in many ways. The first of which is his desire to leave behind the modern materialistic world and isolate himself to find peace. He also has this deep seated desire to fill a void, a missing piece of himself, by walking on a spiritual path through nature. Finally, his high standards for hims elf and society drives the idea of fighting back the darkness of the world through theRead MoreEssay on Romantic Poetry1126 Words à |à 5 Pagesalone a great literary movement is Romanticism or the post-enlightenment Romantics. Romanticism was a philosophical and literary movement in the middle to late seventeen hundreds. It surfaced as a reaction to the Enlightenment Ideas of the day, Romanticism favors more emotional and passionate objects, whereas the Enlightenment thinkers were focused on science, and progress politically and economically. More than all, the Enlightenment thinkers were focused on rationality. 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He felt he had learned enough of spiritual discipline and again changed his path in life because perhaps that this is what prevents you from finding peace(146). The patience is the most important (127) wasRead MoreJohn Smith And Walt Whitman Essay1248 Words à |à 5 PagesThis is an example of how Smith was using religion to push his agenda of colonizing the new world. Jonathan Edwards was a puritan preacher and theologian whose works served as a transition between the puritan and enlightenment literary movements. Edwards works, ââ¬Å"The Spider Letterâ⬠and ââ¬Å"Beauty of the Worldâ⬠are examples of his unique worldview. Edwards believed that the laws of nature and physics were evidence that god exists and that his plan could be read though the patterns of nature. Edwards emphasizesRead More Kwan Win: Buddhist Bodhisattva Essays880 Words à |à 4 PagesKwan Win: Buddhist Bodhisattva Compassion and Peace as a Spiritual Guide The path to spiritual freedom is sought by many people in this world. Relief from suffering is sought by many more. In these times, in all times past, and probably in times to come, the need for a spiritual guide is apparent. Kwan Yin (Guan Shih Yin in China, Kannon in Japan) is a Buddhist goddess of compassion who provides this guidance and direction for countless people. Kwan Yin reflects the Mahayana Buddhist conceptRead MoreNature Vs. Society : A Timeless Discrepancy1626 Words à |à 7 Pagesfind joy and enlightenment when governed by the laws of nature rather than the laws cultivated by man. Hawthorne exhibits a strongly romantic view of nature and juxtaposes it with the Puritan society. In this exceptional contrast between the town and the forest, Hawthorne criticizes and highlights the Puritan s harshness and lack of compassion in their restricting, close-minded, and nefarious society. Hawthorne utilizes the symbol of the rose frequently as a representation of beauty and natureRead MoreRomanticism was developed in the late 18th century and supported a shift from faith in reason to800 Words à |à 4 Pagescentury and supported a shift from faith in reason to faith in the senses, feelings and imagination. It emerged as a reaction against ââ¬Å"The Age of Enlightenmentâ⬠, which had emphasized reason and logic. Many Romantic poets and writers sought solace and peace in nature, and they also recognized the power of nature and its effect on men. Therefore, the glory and beauty of nature and the power of the natural world was accentuated commonly. The topic ââ¬Å"natureâ⬠has been developed in many important novels and poemsRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein - Romanticism And Enlightenment1233 Words à |à 5 Pagesin. Ideas such as romanticism and post enlightenment are seen throughout the work and have a great impact upon the book. Now the story of Frank enstein is legendary and everyone knows something about the book but most people probably know about the Hollywood version of the story, there is no Egor in the book he was added into the movies to add a comedic side to this horror and bleak story. The novel as a whole has many examples of romanticism and enlightenment ideas sprinkled throughout the novel.Read MoreBuddhism, Spiritual Wisdom, And Ontology Parts939 Words à |à 4 Pagesthe truth of reality. Idealism is the belief that most real entities are ideas and other immaterial entities. I believe in idealism because I believe in things that cannot be proven or touched by the senses. I believe in the ideals of religion, beauty, intelligence, and knowledge which are only proven through idealism without it these could not exist. Pragmatism is the belief that what is real is what works and predicts what is likely to happen next. Pragmatism is not about how things actually Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-72853230611665176732019-12-16T22:53:00.001-08:002019-12-16T22:53:03.131-08:00Leadership film analysis (Memo Format) - Stand and Deliver (1988) Movie ReviewEssays on Leadership film analysis (Memo Format) - Stand and Deliver (1988) Movie Review Memorandum December 7, Leadership Film Analysis ââ¬â Stand and Deliver The purpose of this memo is to briefly describe the leadership event(s) that took place in a 1988 American drama film that is based on the true story of high school math teacher Jaime Escalante. Consequently, we will use the theory and the concepts from the books and our observations and discussions in class to explain what happened and why it happened in the drama film. Additionally, the memo will basically give a theoretical/analytical summary of what the leader in the film did, what the outcomes were and why. Stand and Deliver is based on a true story and presents an inspirational tale of a teacher who is dedicated at rescuing a group of poor Latino students from potential delinquency by turning them into math whizzes. Jaime Escalante employs the use of humor, imagination and a variety of other means in ensuring that he gets his students at East Los Angeles high school to pass advance placement tests in calculus with flying colors and they consequently pass to an extent that the testing board thinks that the students have cheated and consequently forcing them to retake the tests. Behavioral approaches to leadership gives focus to the specific behavioral traits of a leader. We can describe Jaimeââ¬â¢s style of leadership as both task oriented and people oriented. As regards to be task oriented, Jaime lives up to notion of a raving fan who delivers completely and improves above and beyond 100% every year. As a matter of fact, Jaime Escalante was never content to letting his students become losers. As regards to being people oriented leader, Jaime was determine to change status quo and promised to teach math in his studentââ¬â¢s language which would enable them make it. Situational leadership is based on leader followerââ¬â¢s relationship and serves as a framework for analyzing different situations based on a number of issues. Based on situational approaches to leadership, we can term Jaimeââ¬â¢s style as houseââ¬â¢s path-goal theory which is based on expectancy theory of motivation. Initially when Jaime started teaching at Garfield High School, he was initially disheartened by the lack of preparation of his students. He however never gave up on his students and constantly told them that they could do this as they were the best while encouraging them to go to college. Additionally, he fought to keep his students in his math program with the main goal of making them successful in life. The leadership traits that Jaime possessed include that he was focused and had a vision for his student. He kept telling his students that he will not only teach them math, but that was their language which will make them make it and not only go to college, bu t go to college and sit in the first row as they were going to know more than anybody. Jaime was also determined to achieve his dreams even with all odds against him and was never distracted or discouraged until he achieved his goal for his students. The behaviors that were important contributors to Jamie Escalanteââ¬â¢s success as a leader were to inspire vision and encourage the heart. He had a vision of showing the world that his students who were from a poor background and were economically disadvantaged could still achieve the highest level of academic success and pass AP Calculus Exam and in the process inspiring them to succeed in powerful ways. As regards to encouraging the heart, Jamie persuaded his first few students the only way they could control their future was through the right education and always reminded them that despite the fact that they would have jobs in engineering, electronics and computers, they would still need to learn math to succeed. Both Coach Boone and Jamie had a number of things in common with the important one being that both were guided by a vision. While Coach Boone had a vision for the team to win the championship, Jamie had a vision of ensuring that his students passed AP Calculus math exam. It is consequently evident that they both withstood numerous challenges without getting distracted or discouraged with Jamie having to fight to keep his students in the math program while Coach Boone having to fight racial disparity. Their differences came in their leadership approaches with Jamie being diplomatic and charismatic right from the start while Coach Boone was started out as a dictator and later transformed to a transactional leader. In the spirit of modeling the way, the leadership trait that I see in Jamie that I would like to incorporate into my leadership portfolio is his determination to achieve his dreams even with the odds against him. This is because most of us have dreams but lack the determination to complete them as we easily get distracted and discouraged by circumstances or lack of resources. Additionally, most people lose hope as in most cases we realize other people do not believe in our dreams and vision. The other concepts covered in MGT 471 that I see in Stand and Deliver include the importance of being guided with a vision that is shared between the leader and the subject. Having a shared vision I have come to understand goes a long way in determining the success or failure of any program. The other concepts I found relevant include the power of resilience especially when it comes to doing what one believes in. Please use the information in this memo to help me further refine my skills on the issues addressed by the film. If you have any question or need any clarification, contact me at abcnet@xyz.com or at 702-123-4567. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-16668336911536958812019-12-08T19:36:00.001-08:002019-12-08T19:36:03.195-08:00Technology In Agriculture, And Its Application To Essay Example For Students Technology In Agriculture, And Its Application To Essay The Grapes Of Wrath Technology In Agriculture, And Its Application To Essay The Grapes of Wrath Although technology has become a standard in todays society, it was a major cause of the Great Depression. Before the advent of the tractor, may people made their living as farmers. As seen in The Grapes of Wrath, many of these people lost their occupations and their farms due to industrialization of farming. A tractor did the work of fifteen farming families, so more and more families were put out of business by the owners of these tractors. John Steinbeck lived with migrant workers such as the Joad family before he wrote The Grapes of Wrath. His fictionalization of a family forced out of the dust bowl accurately shows the effects of technology on the farming family. They were forced out of their home to make way for a large company, as was everyone else in the area. They got word of work in California, so they packed up the family into a big truck and headed West. Most of the work was already taken, and the demand for jobs was so high that it drove the wage down. The Joads had to keep moving. Big business has always been the downfall of the family business. In the 1930s, the tractor allowed smaller groups to produce greater amounts of product, and this overproduction led to price fluctuation over that period. In the case of wheat, the size of bushels shrank and the price of a bushel grew. The smaller producers who could not affort to industrialize had to cope with these lower prices, which drove them out of business. The same principle is in effect in present time; its almost akin to survival of the fittest. The ones who can adapt to the changing times will survive. History . Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-41915701802144297202019-12-01T07:18:00.001-08:002019-12-01T07:18:04.746-08:00Leadership In Higher Education free essay sample For a long time, America has been known for seeking higher civic and moral purposes in all its undertakings. Campus faculties have been on the run to ensure that students are equipped with the necessary tools to be leaders in the future but at the same time connecting with the current world (Hollander, 1999). The doors of universities, unlike in the past are now open to everyone including the minorities, the immigrants and even international students. The students are trained on professional and technical skills that they must posses. Both the parents and students visualize higher education as an investment and do expect returns at the end of it all. Scholars argue that a college is a place where students, in collaboration with their faculties work together to enhance teaching and learning. It is a place where one is allowed to express oneself freely but at the same time observing courtesy. According to Green and Barblan (2004), it is a community where ones sacredness in obeyed and diversity recognized. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership In Higher Education or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Here, obligations are carried out with no compromise and behaviors are governed by laid out rules for the good of everyone. Tpectations. Rarely are they achieved because the students are perceived as customers. The services rendered are thus compromised so as to maximize profits. Students on the other hand have a notion of just going to classes at their own pleasure, seek professors attention and demand to succeed with less strain than what they input in their previous academic levels. Others would view these institutions as places where faculties would just wait upon them and fulfill all their demands without considering costs. There are so a many challenges that face these higher institutions of learning. Over years, there has been the challenge on the quality of students produced, financial concerns, faculty frustrations and technological challenges (Saleh, Lamkim Cox, 2008). The biggest problem currently facing university presidents is production of quality students. Depending on regional placements, there are institutions branded as the best. The main criterion used to categorize these institutions is the quality of students they give. Institutions could produce some very good students based on the quality of their professionalism. Parents would strive to enrol their children in such places. However, so much sacrifices go along with this. So many challenges would be encountered in the process of trying to achieve these objectives. First is financial difficulties. The state has been deteriorating in its mandate to fund public institutions. Probably, the increase in intake numbers has led to this. The state has been overwhelmed by the numbers and their allocations for higher education have since become too limited. The little income the institutions find for themselves become very challenging as they try to satisfy the expected standards of training students. These numbers are not only affecting the state but also the institutions. Providing for the individual needs of these students become very tricky when they are in extremely large numbers. Facilities end up being overstretched and thus limited to the satisfaction of the students. The lecturers too are faced with a hard time trying to impart the necessary skills with limited resources. Technology is another challenge. Everyday comes with its inventions only to make life even better. Keeping at par with these changes has been a major concern. No sooner are new facilities acquired than they become obsolete. Similarly, lecturers are faced with the challenge of updating their knowledge so that they dont teach what they were taught but rather what is current in the world. Knowledge keeps advancing and new discoveries made every now and then. It is thus the duty of the respective faculties to educate their members of staff on proper measures to take in order to ensure that they are not left behind. The basic foundation laid on these students could also be a problem. Most O-level institutions, especially the private ones would concentrate on making their students pass and join universities at the expense of them acquiring the necessary skills. The core role of higher institutions of learning is to recognize students complexity and diversity. Without any discrimination, all students are imparted with the required knowledge. Despite the financial hardships, the presidents of these institutions should look for alternatives to make sure that these students are equipped with the necessary knowledge and are trained accordingly. The lecturers should be encouraged to find out the foundations of these students in academics. From this, they should come up with best suited methods to determine how these students would be trained. They should come to their level of understanding and with no excuse on the limited resources, provide the best for these students. They should constantly be researching in their respective fields and liaising with professors worldwide to be up to date on the new discoveries around. At no one point should the universities and colleges fail to embrace new technologies. The presidents should see to it that these technological advancements do not pass by their students. Though leading higher institutions of learning could prove cumbersome, presidents of these institutions should find the best ways possible to solve issues facing them. They should even consult with other presidents the world over to see how best they carry out their activities. At all times, students should receive quality education. REFERENCE LIST Hollander, E. L., Bringle, R.G., Games R. Malloy, E.A. (1999).à Colleges and à à à à à à à à à à à universities as à à à à à à à à à à à citizens. Boston, MA. Saleh A., Lamkin M. and Cox D. (September, 2008). Empirical Research. The Role of Higher à à Education in America: A Spa or a Smà ¶rgà ¥sbord?, Volume 4, Issue 3, Green M. and Barblan A. (2004). Higher Education in a Pluralistic World: A Transatlantic View: à à à à à à à à American Council on Education, Center for Institutional and International Initiatives. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-38757595077386741352019-11-26T13:52:00.001-08:002019-11-26T13:52:05.904-08:00Irish travellers excluded essaysIrish travellers excluded essays Irish travellers are a minority group that experience wide-spread racism. Very few settled people want to accept that travellers are a distinct ethnic group with their own traditions and customs. They are seen through the eyes of settled people as problem communities and con-artists, rather than people who have been denied the most basic rights. In this essay I hope to prove that the travelling community do experience wide-spread racism when it comes to health and accommodation and even gaining access to establishments such as pubs and shops. The travelling community of Ireland is currently 0.5% of the population, which is approximately 24,000 people1. These people can be identified as the outsiders of Irish society due to their social structure and economics, which are significantly different from that of society at large. Travellers employment is mainly conducted in the informal sector and so remains largely untaxed, this has lead to travellers being marginalized by many disgruntled taxpayers in the settle community. This is an unfair view given that traveller women and children have always played an economic role in our society, including begging, street trading and fortune telling etc. These are people who pride themselves on their ability to survive in the most difficult of circumstances and to make a living in the most unfavourable of environments. When it comes to the health of travellers, it is proved that their life expectancy is significantly shorter than that of the settled community: the average life expectancy of a male member of the travelling community is 10 12 years less than for settled men2. This is quite a significant number of years. The dwelling quarters that many travellers occupy are a major factor when considering travellers low life expectancy and high infant mortality rates, yet the government has still not dealt with the accommodation crisis. ... Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-1272927850679733312019-11-22T21:15:00.001-08:002019-11-22T21:15:05.293-08:00A Book on Writing for NovelistsA Book on Writing for Novelists A Book on Writing for Novelists A Book on Writing for Novelists By Maeve Maddox Before launching myself into the historical novel Ive been thinking about, I decided to read some books on writing before getting too far along. My luck was to pick up Sol Steins How to Grow A Novel. Some writing books are good for beginners, but some are not. I think that the writer who has completed a book length manuscript will get more out of the Stein book than one who is just getting started. I almost didnt read this book because of its title. As Ive mentioned elsewhere in DWT, the use of the transitive verb grow with a non-biological direct object produces a blackboard moment in me. Im glad that I didnt let this prejudice keep me from the trove of great advice to be found in this book. What hooked me was the subtitle: The Most Common Mistakes Writers Make and How to Overcome Them Stein knows what hes talking about. Hes a writer as well as an editor. He has written plays, poetry, and novels. The book is arranged in four sections of unequal length: The Responsibilities of the Writer The Responsibilities of the Publisher Envoi Practical Matters The first section is the meat of the book and discusses the expectations of the reader, the importance of conflict in every scene, and the development of plot, character, dialogue, and setting. Im not going to comment on every section. Theyre all useful, but I know that this is a book Ill read more than once. This time around I was most taken with what Stein says about conflict. Chapter Two poses the question Is Conflict A Necessity? This is how Stein answers it: Yes, conflict was and is a necessity, it is the essence of dramatic action. The engine of fiction is somebody wanting something and going out to get it. And if you let him get it right away, youre killing the storyWithoutopposition, fiction is a vehicle without an engine. What Ive taken away from this first reading of How to Grow a Novel is the importance of planning conflict into every scene before I take the time to write the scene. As I gear up to write my historical novel, Im taking the time to create a scene outline that I think will be more practical than any chapter outline Ive used for my previous novels. My new mantra is Conflict runs the engine. Each scene I sketch has a character who wants something and either gets it or doesnt get it by the end of the scene. When Ive got the first draft on paper, Ill go back to Steins book for help in revising it. You can find the book on Amazon.com Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Book Reviews category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Format a UK Business LetterIn Search of a 4-Dot Ellipsis35 Synonyms for Rain and Snow Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-1444458942513021072019-11-21T03:00:00.001-08:002019-11-21T03:00:07.243-08:00Effects of Caffeine on the Human Body Research PaperEffects of Caffeine on the Human Body - Research Paper Example It is widely believed that caffeine is a drug which causes addiction and has many harmful effects on the body. This paper aims to research the controversy of these effects. Some of the effects reportedly associated with Caffeine intake are rise in blood pressure, high level of alertness, affects on length and quality of sleep and stunt growth. Though it has also been observed that all individuals do not provide the same response to the stimulus of Caffeine, it nevertheless has been an issue of great concern whether there are any general and noticeable effects of Caffeine on the human body. Introduction: Caffeine is a chemical compound regarded as one of the three most used drugs of the world that affect the mood of the user. Caffeine is said to be a potent and quick-acting drug that produces the same effect on the human body as stress does (Connelly). Caffeine is present in numerous everyday intakes like coffee, tea, cocoa and energy boosting drinks. The amount of Caffeine in the ene rgy boosting drinks is dangerously high, which is one of the major contributing factors towards the hyperactivity following the intake of these drinks. These effects of Caffeine occur instantly and can prevail for 6-8 hours after the consumption. Caffeine is regarded as a drug because of its addictive nature and withdrawal symptoms. The usage of Caffeine-containing beverages and products is very common, such that it has become an everyday need for many people to carry out their day-to-day tasks properly. Research has proven that the effects of Caffeine on the body is differentiated by size (like built, weight etc.) and gender (Rhodes). However, these may not be the only factors influencing the onset of Caffeine effects. It is commonly believed that Caffeine does not affect every individual in the same way. The purpose of this research paper is also the analysis of the effects of Caffeine on the human body. Materials and Methods: Different assumptions will require different sample sp ecifications and methodologies. For analyzing the effect of Caffeine on Blood Pressure, we will need to take a sample of 6 fit individuals; 2 adult males, 1male child, 2 adult females and 1 female child. Before the start of the experiment, all 6 individualsââ¬â¢ Blood Pressures will be noted. Then, 1 adult male, 1 adult female and both the children will be administered with Caffeine (a cup of coffee) while the remaining 2 will be given placebo compounds (sugar). Immediately after administration, the blood pressure will be noted again for all 6 individuals and this will continue with 15minutes time span for the next 6 hours. For analyzing the effect of Caffeine on Alertness, we will require a sample of 4 individuals at minimum. Each individual will be assigned a task to perform (solve mathematics problems) under three different conditions; without the administration of Caffeine, with the administration of a certain amount of caffeine (a cup of coffee) and lastly with another admin istration of the same amount of caffeine as earlier, i.e., double the amount of caffeine (another cup of coffee) (Oââ¬â¢Brien). For assessing the effect of Caffeine on Growth, we will require a minimum of 2 individuals. 1 will be administered with Caffeine products while the other will remain away from Caffeine. Visible effects of Caffeine will not be observable; however, we will be able to analyze the effect of Caffeine on growth by noting its effect on Calcium absorption (Ho and Provis). Observation and Analysis: In the first experiment regarding blood pressure, we will notice that those individuals who were given Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-50454270563870202032019-11-19T12:21:00.001-08:002019-11-19T12:21:02.650-08:00Benefits in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsBenefits in Business - Essay Example As the research stresses there are a number of ways of measuring the public sector information (PSI) and approximating the probable benefits of accessing it. The following formula represents the relationship between the benefit and the cost.From this paper it is clear that after preparing a data sheet for the price transaction received at Land Registry for Lincolnshire, the average for the price à was 175102, the count was 1244 and the sum was 217827032. The data for the month of June 2015 was evenly distributed with the highest data being value of cost being 877,500 pounds while the lowest value being 29,000 pounds. The measure of the spread of data shows that the cost of data distribution varies depending on the quantity of data being distributed on the internet. According to Lincolnshire records, the quantity of data distributed in the month of June 2015 amounts to 11 MB.à The method used in getting the highest five and the lowest five prices is by arranging the data in an asc ending order from the highest value to the lowest value. This makes it easy to identify the first five values and the last five values. These are the values that were used in constructing the table below. Once rearranged in a chronological manner, the post codes will automatically be rearranged in the excel sheet. The South Kesteven town was the only town to have the highest values whiles other towns such as West Lindsey, Lincoln, West Lindsey and East Lindsey experienced lower values. Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-74557134517178049982019-11-17T00:52:00.001-08:002019-11-17T00:52:03.867-08:00Quality Audits for Improved Performance Essay Example for Free Quality Audits for Improved Performance Essay Auditing is simply the systematic examination and analysis of data through an independent procedure. Important to note is that auditing is not just about data, it also deals with statements, performances, records and operations. A myth that needs to be demystified is the misconception that auditing deals with financial issues or statements. This is not true. Auditing deals with overall performance, financial or otherwise. Any subject matter, in essence may be audited. Auditing therefore, aims at collecting data upon which is gathers evidence and makes judgment. The prevalence of organized systems of governments as well as businesses way back at around 4000BC necessitated the need for record keeping. These records were both financial and non-financial. These organized governments and businesses needed a way through which they could correctly account for their receipts as w3ell as their disbursements. Moreover, this was a period in which tax collection had just been unvented. There was a need therefore, to ensure that the taxes that were collected by the government could be accounted for to prevent any form of misappropriation of the limited government resources as well as public funds. The consequent need for audits as well as the indication of audits can be traced in Babylonia. This was specifically the public finance systems in Babylonia. The rise of this technique can as well be traced back to city states of Italy, Rome and Greece. Specifically the public finance systems of these areas. The governments in these particular areas had begun to question the authenticity of records that were kept in these areas. The accuracy and competency of officials was also being questioned. As a result, there was a need to come up with a system that could take care of these errors of misappropriation, accuracy and incompetence. In a couple of years, there was a need to come up with a way of making accurate records. The consequence of this is that the European systems of book keeping and auditing were introduced in the Non- European countries. CITATION Den07 l 1033 (Arter, 2007) This saw the introduction of auditing in the United States. During this time, businesses were constant increasing in terms of their sizes as well as their complexities. They also grew in terms of their scope. This growth created the need of the creation of a separate unit that would create assurance, internal assurance to be more specific that would verify the accounting information provided by the company. The verification of this information was very import ant in the sense that the accounting information provided was used in decision making processes. As a result, it was very vital to ensure that the financial information provided had to have high degrees of accuracy. This necessitated the need to come up with a procedure that would ensure the accuracy of such information. The best way to gauge this information provided was through the process of auditing. It therefore became a prerequisite for managers, reporting agents and accounting expertise to constantly review and summarize their reports in a way that it could be given meaning. The aim of this was to ensure sufficient objectivity in the records that were provided. It also instilled discipline in the procedures that were necessary in accounting. However, this proved not is enough as some of the stakeholders still revealed some degrees of incompetence. However, this process did not fail entirely. The process has a couple of successes that can be attributed to it. The process had o ne major success. It led to the creation of the auditing technique. One may ask how. Auditing came along as a way of ensuring that even these timely and accurate records and reports that had to be submitted were subjected to preview and analysis. The result of this was the creation of the Institute of Internal Audit in the United States of America. This was extremely important since it ensured that the organizations, whether governmental or non-governmental, came up with ways to ensure complete independence and objectivity. CITATION Der08 l 1033 (Derek Matthews, 2008)The process of auditing has its own historical journey. Initially, this technique existed with the sole aim of accounting for the government and specifically, it was concerned with record keeping. However, the industrial revolution saw auditing evolving from this level to the next. The industrial revolution, which took place between 1750 and 1850, saw the process of auditing having more serious functions. During this pe riod, auditing was given another meaning. The objectives of conducting auditing also change auditing became a necessary process with the aim of detecting fraud as well as ensuring financial accountability other than its initial function of keeping records. This is because the period of Industrial revolution was coupled with intense business growths. Businesses grew into very large enterprises. As a result, it became increasingly difficult for business owners to constantly keep watch over their businesses. This necessitated the creation of a technique that would help keep an eye on all the financial procedures. The functions of auditing were therefore given numerous branches. At this time, auditing was mainly aimed at ensuring accuracy and preventing fraud. CITATION San08 l 1033 (Sandy van Esch, 2008)In the early 20th century, there was a need to standardize the testing methods that were used by auditors as well as their reporting practices. The main reason behind this transition was to ensure uniformity in the auditing field. This period saw to it that the roles of auditors, their methods of auditing as well as their auditing practices were all comprehensive through a well-defined procedure. As a result, auditors came up with a system of examining a selected sample from a company in detail as opposed to analyzing each and every transaction made by the company in detail. This is because the role of auditors was becoming increasingly important and consequently, the demand for their services grew as well. They therefore had to come up with a system that would help greatly when it came to the issue of time consumption. This was the sampling system. However, it is important to note that the sample chosen had to be representative in the sense that the reasons for its choice needed to be justifiable. This system of sampling is still in use to date since it has been found to be less costly as well as time saving. However, it is not used all the time. Its use is subjec t to a couple of limitations. For instance, in the case of gross errors and serious fraudulent activities, sampling is used. Instead, the whole company is audited. This is because such issues require very high standards of precision. This is referred to as risk based auditing whereby it is first established whether an auditing is needed. Thereafter, a full scale audit, instead of a representative audit follows. CITATION Rob09 l 1033 (Moeller, 2009)The demand for auditing, and in this case, both internal and external auditing, has its source in the 19th century. During this time, there was the Industrial Revolution As discussed above and therefore there was a dire need of creating an accounting procedure. This was aimed at cutting down of errors that came with record keeping, checking finance misappropriation, asset misappropriation as well as cased of fraud within organizations that are not business conformed as well. The need and origin of auditing is traced to the period slightly after the evolution of accounting. In the case that someone did not trust the honesty of another man, there arose the issue of fidelity. As a result, this necessitated the need to come up with a process through which the honesty of this man could be tested. This gave rise to the process of auditing. CITATION Rob09 l 1033 (Moeller, 2009)Necessity is surely the mother of invention. It became necessary to come up with a system that could easily provide a way in which accounting was put into perspective. This led to the creation of the auditing technique. However, it is very important to note that even with the invention of auditing, there came a couple of challenges. For instance, the gap between management and action constantly increased. This made it extremely necessary to come up with a means through which businesses could be managed efficiently. The result of this was the diversification of the roles of auditing. Instead of counterchecking financial records and detecting frauds, au diting was given other functions. For instance, the technique was now using d to; ascertain the extent to which the assets of a company are held account for. This included the extent to which these assets were safeguarded from any form of losses.; checking the degree of quality of the performance with regard to the carrying out of certain responsibilities; review and appraisal of the levels of adequacy, soundness and generally the application of specific financial tools as well as tools of operation; the technique of auditing was also expected to establish the extent to which organizations, rather, the departments in organizations complied to the policies that had to set out. This was also to establish the level to which these departments complied with the set out plans and strategies of their institutions Finally, auditing was also assigned another major role. It was charged with the responsibility of ascertaining the level to which accounting and data provided by accounting could be relied on. Clearly, the functions of auditing had become diversified compared to the time when the technique was invented. CITATION Rob09 l 1033 (Moeller, 2009)With t5ime, auditing was divided into two major categories; internal auditing and external auditing. The former refers to the process by which the financial and organizational records of a company are checked by expertise within the organization. This is the reason as to why each and every organization ought to have an internal audit section. The latter, just like its name suggests involves the process of auditing by expertise from outside the organization. External auditing is extremely important in the sense that it allows non-partisan expertise to gauge the performance of the organization. As a result, external auditing is believed to give a clearer picture of what is happening in the organization. Internal auditing was charged with certain responsibilities; it was meant to assist in the process of communication within the organization in terms of the scope, the performance and the objectives of the organization. In other words, it helped to organization to establish the objectives that it had not meet so far through the gauging of the performance, it also helped to establish the successes as well as the failures of an organization. Consequently, this helped, or rather still helps organizations to come up with well laid out strategies that could ensure that they meet their objectives as well as reconcile their failures. CITATION Den07 l 1033 (Arter, 2007)The history of auditing can be said to be greatly connected to disciplines that are associated with communication of information that deals with economic events. This is regardless of whether the institution in question is part of the government or whether it is an institution is in the private sector. The development in the communication of economic activities therefore goes hand in hand with the developments in auditing. Writing for instance, le d to the need to record the exchange or transfers of economic goods. The developments in accounting and auditing created the need for the establishment of accountability of the people in authority. The benefits that came with trading as well as the economic benefits of private sector investment came as a result of having accounts of transactions whether it was transactions with others or accounts of trading activities. The reasons for the measurement in oneââ¬â¢s permanent income or rather oneââ¬â¢s wealth led to the need for one to be able to account for and audit his or her own equity. There was also the need of chartering companies with limited liability. This limited liability was subjected to a series of certain specifications of reporting requirements. These reporting requirements are basically reports from auditing firms. All these were as a result of the rising demand for capital with the huge business projects in the Industrial Revolution. CITATION San08 l 1033 (Sandy van Esch, 2008)Today, the process of auditing has made great milestones ever since the time of its inception. To put this issue into perspective, we have seen the various stages that auditing has gone through. The functions of auditing have also been diversified. Currently, auditing is not only aimed at detection of frauds and financial accountability of the employees of a company .Auditing has also given a platform for companies to have an insight into their own activities. This is one of the reasons as to why internal audits are carried out. It is now described as a very labor intensive job, however, very important for the success of any organization. It offers correction to organization after detecting irregularities. It also gives the way forward for companies by providing ways through which the technical financial mishaps detected in the auditing process can be avoided in future. It is also very clear that the history of auditing made a great, actually the greatest mark in his tory in the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution saw massive growth of businesses which required constant checking and counterchecking of the financial records which were subject to various manipulations by incompetent officials. Today, auditing firms are one of the major profit making firms due to the high demand of their services. Auditing has become extremely important in todayââ¬â¢s society and its importance can never be underestimated. CITATION Der08 l 1033 (Derek Matthews, 2008) References l 1033 Arter, D. R. (2007). Quality Audits for Improved Performance. ASQ Quality Press. Derek Matthews, ââ¬Å½. P. (2008). The Auditors Talk;An Oral History on the Profession. New York: Psychology Press. Moeller, R. R. (2009). Brinks Modern Internal Auditing. New York: Wiley and Sons. Sandy van Esch, ââ¬Å½. P. (2008). The Principles and Practice of Auditing. Jutaonline Publishers. Source document Shttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02870960540352916317noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5919674291716778397.post-34249008199974799402019-11-14T13:23:00.001-08:002019-11-14T13:23:03.410-08:00Blakes The Songs of Innocence Essay -- Songs Innocence blake EssaysBlake's The Songs of Innocence The Songs of Innocence poems first appeared in Blakeââ¬â¢s 1784 novel, An Island in the Moon. In 1788, Blake began to compile in earnest, the collection of Songs of Innocence. And by 1789, this original volume of plates was complete. These poems are the products of the human mind in a state of innocence, imagination, and joy; natural euphoric feelings uninhibited or tainted by the outside world. Following the completion of the Songs of Innocence plates, Blake wrote The Marriage of Heaven and Hell and it is through this dilemma of good and evil and the suffering that he witnesses on the streets of London, that he begins composing Songs of Experience. This second volume serves as a response to Songs of Innocence in that Blake is demonstrating the two polar or contrary states of the human soul and in the world that he sees around him. The images, engravings, and lyrics in Songs of Experience are much more severe, excruciating, and intense in comparison to the lighter tones of Songs o f Innocence. When we look at the poems in Songs of Innocence and Experience, we see that while Blake reveals both the light and dark aspects of the human existence, we also see that this dichotomy is not always a finite, black and white generalization. That is, Blake emphasizes that both the innocent and experienced states of the human soul are achievable at any moment, regardless of age, past actions, or station in life. This reinforces the idea that Blakeââ¬â¢s conception of God is the power of illumination in each one of us and it is through the poetic genius that we make this discovery throughout the ongoing process of life. A comparison between poems from each volume illustrates these ideas and serves to demonstra... ...t, each of us can come to know God and understand our relationship with the universe through the discovery of our poetic genius. Blakeââ¬â¢s methodology of channeling his spiritual energy through his work is accomplished through the combination of poetry, song, and visual art. This provides the reader with a full aesthetic experience that universally encourages the illumination of the human soul. Through his poems which identify various types of people and situations, Blake adds that this religious experience is not limited to the creative arts. In fact, he suggests that the poetic genius is attainable through focused manual labor, intellectual conversation, and philosophical reflection, among other activities. Manââ¬â¢s universal ability to find God through his poetic genius is Blakeââ¬â¢s inspiration, philosophy, and theological message in Songs of Innocence and Experience. 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